摘要
Since the Carter administration launched the“Freedom of Navigation Program”(FON Program)in 1979,the United States has been conducting“Freedom of Navigation Operations”(FONOPs)and frequently dispatching warships and military aircraft into waters under the jurisdiction of other coastal States to challenge the so-called“excessive maritime claims.”1 According to official statistics from the US Department of Defense,during fiscal year 2023 alone,the US FONOPs challenged 29“excessive maritime claims”by 17 coastal States,an increase from the 22“excessive maritime claims”by 15 coastal States challenged in FY2022.2 The US“freedom of navigation”frequently causes unnecessary frictions.In several severe cases,it leads to maritime and aerial accidents.
