摘要
本文总结了铵态氮肥、硝态氮肥、酰胺态氮肥3种形态氮肥各自的理化特点、氮肥形态差异对作物生理和产量的影响,以及基于特性和效应的氮肥选择。3种形态氮肥的化学性质与养分释放速度有所不同,对作物的影响存在差异。铵态氮肥易被土壤胶体吸附,肥效持久,在水田和低温条件下肥效好,而在碱性环境中易挥发,长期大量施用会导致土壤酸化。硝态氮肥肥效迅速,适合碱性土壤,可直接参与植物氮代谢,但易随水流失。酰胺态氮肥以尿素为主,含氮量高,施用方式多样,高温高湿条件下易挥发。不同形态氮肥对作物根系、光合作用、氮代谢、产量与品质的影响不同,作物对其喜好因品种而异。合理施用氮肥需依据土壤性质、作物品种特性和生长阶段,科学选择肥料,这对提升作物产量与品质、减少环境污染、保障农业可持续发展具有积极作用。本文为农业生产实践中科学选用氮肥、提升肥料利用率和实现作物优质高产目标提供参考。
This paper summarized the physicochemical characteristics of 3 forms of nitrogen fertilizers(ammonium,nitrate,and amide nitrogen fertilizers),the effects of nitrogen fertilizer forms on crop physiology and yield,as well as the selection of nitrogen fertilizers based on their properties and effects.The 3 forms of nitrogen fertilizers differ in chemical properties and nutrient release rates,leading to varying impacts on crops.Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is easily adsorbed by soil colloids,providing long-lasting effects,making it suitable for paddy fields and low-temperature conditions.However,it is prone to volatilization in alkaline environments,and excessive long-term application can lead to soil acidification.Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer acts rapidly,making it suitable for alkaline soils,and can be directly involved in plant nitrogen metabolism,though it is easily lost with water.Amide nitrogen fertilizer,primarily urea,has a high nitrogen content and offers diverse application methods,but it is prone to volatilization under high temperature and humidity conditions.Different forms of nitrogen fertilizers have varying effects on crop root systems,photosynthesis,nitrogen metabolism,yield,and quality,and crop preferences for them vary by variety.Rational nitrogen fertilizer application requires selecting the appropriate fertilizer based on soil properties,crop variety characteristics,and growth stages.This approach plays a positive role in improving crop yield and quality,reducing environmental pollution,and ensuring sustainable agricultural development.This paper provides a reference for scientifically selecting nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural production practices,improving fertilizer efficiency,and achieving high quality and high yield crop production.
作者
何川
邹朋
艾立山
邢连强
李新柱
王军
朱晓洁
王慎强
He Chuan;Zou Peng;Ai Lishan;Xing Lianqiang;Li Xinzhu;Wang Jun;Zhu Xiaojie;Wang Shenqiang(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and New Fertilizer Creation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinzhengda Ecological Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276700,China;Fulang(China)Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276700,China;Tai’an Water Resources and Soil and Water Conservation Service Center,Tai’an 271018,China;Heze Jinzhengda Ecological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Heze 274000,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2026年第4期80-83,共4页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
泰山产业领军人才工程(2024)
菏泽市科技创新突破计划项目(KJTP202410)。
关键词
氮肥
氨态氮肥
硝态氮肥
酰胺态氮肥
nitrogen fertilizer
ammonium nitrogen fertilizer
nitrate nitrogen fertilizer
amide nitrogen fertilizer
