摘要
为了解上海崇明区林业病虫害种类及发生情况,本研究采用踏查法和定点调查法,调查了林地病虫害种类、寄主植物及为害程度。结果表明,该地区林业主要病害种类有14种,其中Ⅱ级为害程度的病害有8种(57.14%),Ⅲ级为害程度的病害有4种(28.57%),Ⅰ级为害程度的病害有2种(14.29%)。虫害调查发现,该地区林业主要虫害有7目24科44种,其中鳞翅目(6科18种),鞘翅目(5科12种),半翅目(7科8种)为优势类群;新传入的害虫有7种,主要分布在鞘翅目(5种)和半翅目(2种);对林业植物为害较严重的害虫主要有12种,分别为鳞翅目7种(杨小舟蛾、杨扇舟蛾、丽绿刺蛾、黄刺蛾、褐边绿刺蛾、扁刺蛾、大造桥虫),鞘翅目3种(星天牛、女贞粗腿象甲、小圆胸小蠹),膜翅目1种(樟叶蜂)和同翅目1种(扶桑绵粉蚧),其主要为害林木叶片、枝干。整体来看,研究区林业病虫害种类较多,但能够造成严重为害的种类仅分布在少数科内。基于该地区林业病虫害发生情况,提出坚持“预防为主,综合防治”原则,加强病虫害监测预警,综合采取农业防治、生物防治、物理防治及化学防治策略。本文为该地区林业主要病虫害防治及林地资源保护与管理提供参考。
To understand the species and occurrence of forest diseases and insect pests in Chongming District,Shanghai,this study adopted the methods of route survey and fixed-point investigation to investigate the species of forest diseases and insect pests,host plants,and damage levels.The results showed that there were 14 main forest disease species in the area.Among them,8 species(57.14%)were at damage levelⅡ,4 species(28.57%)were at damage levelⅢ,and 2 species(14.29%)were at damage levelⅠ.The investigation of insect pests found that there were 44 main forest insect pest species belonging to 24 families and 7 orders.Lepidoptera(6 families,18 species),Coleoptera(5 families,12 species),and Hemiptera(7 families,8 species)were the dominant groups.There were 7 newly introduced pest species,mainly distributed in Coleoptera(5 species)and Hemiptera(2 species).There were 12 pest species that caused relatively serious damage to forest plants,including 7 species of Lepidoptera(Micromelalopha sieversi,Clostera anachoreta,Parasa lepida,Cnidocampa flavescens,Latoia consocia,Thosea sinensis,Ascotis selenaria),3 species of Coleoptera(Anoplophora chinensis,Ochyromera ligustri,Euwallacea fornicatus),1 species of Hymenoptera(Mesoneura rufonota)and 1 species of Hemiptera(Phenacoccus solenopsis).These pests mainly damage the leaves and branches of forest trees.Overall,there were many species of forest diseases and insect pests in the study area,but the species that could cause serious damage were only distributed in a few families.Based on the occurrence of forest diseases and insect pests in this area,it is proposed to adhere to the principle of“prevention first,comprehensive control”,strengthen the monitoring and early warning of diseases and insect pests,and comprehensively adopt strategies of agricultural control,biological control,physical control and chemical control.This study provides a reference for the control of main forest diseases and insect pests,and the protection and management of forest resources in this area.
作者
陆颖
Lu Ying(Shanghai Chongming District Forestry Station,Shanghai 202150,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2026年第4期71-74,共4页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
关键词
林业绿地
病虫害
种类调查
绿色防治
forestry green space
pests and diseases
species investigation
green control
