摘要
欧盟诞生于对战争创伤的深刻反思,本质上是一项“和平工程”,也一直将“规范高于武力”视为其成功的密码和维系共同体身份的政治神话。以“非军事性”为底色的“民事力量”与“规范力量”,不仅是欧盟发挥国际影响力的方式,更是欧盟塑造自我认知的政治标签。2025年3月,欧盟正式推出大规模“重新武装欧洲”计划,要成为一支“军事力量”,这无疑是欧盟对自身力量性质的颠覆性变革。既有研究对这一转变的解释主要遵循实体安全路径,将其归因于2022年乌克兰危机的爆发和美国对欧洲安全承诺的弱化,强调欧盟重新武装驱动力的外生性。本文从本体安全视角出发,认为大国地缘政治的回归直接动摇了欧盟的自我身份认同与存在意义认知,导致本体不安全。欧盟需要以“成为军事力量”这一新政治神话来维系共同体的身份与团结,延续欧洲一体化的“故事”,重建本体安全。对政治共同体而言,“神话存在”本身比“神话实现”更具意义。欧盟重新武装不仅是为了应对外部实体安全的威胁,更在于通过赋予自身新的存在意义与价值内核,解决“存在危机”。在此意义上,欧盟重新武装是自我身份重构的进程,通过找回“战争能力”,试图从经济贸易集团向军事安全集团转型。
The EU was born out of a profound reflection on the trauma of war and is essentially a“peace project.”It has long prioritized norms over force and takes it as both its formula for success and a political myth that maintains the community’s identity.Its self-identity as a“civilian power”and a“normative power”underpinned by its non-military feature has not only been the way by which it exerts international influence but also a political label sha-ping its self-perception.In March 2025,the EU officially launched a large-scale“ReArm Europe Plan”in order to become a“military power,”which is undoubtedly a transforma-tive change to the nature of its own power.Existing explanations for this shift primarily fol-low the physical security perspective,attributing it to the shock of the Russia-Ukraine con-flict and a weakened US commitment to European security emphasizing the exogenous driv-ers behind the EU’s rearmament.This paper adopts an ontological security perspective,ar-guing that the return of great power geopolitics has directly shaken the EU’s self-identity and sense of existence,which leads to ontological insecurity.The EU needs the new politi-cal myth of“becoming a military power”to maintain its community identity and solidarity,continue the“story”of European integration,and rebuild ontological security.For a political community,the“existence”of a myth itself is more meaningful than its“realization”.Thus,the EU’s rearmament is not only about addressing external physical security threats,but also about resolving an“existential crisis”by endowing itself with new existential meaning and core values.In this sense,the EU’s rearmament is a process of self-identity reconstruction,during which it attempts to transform itself from an economic and trade bloc into a military and security one by regaining its“war capability”.
作者
赵柯
唐耀卓
ZHAO Ke;TANG Yaozhuo
出处
《欧洲研究》
北大核心
2025年第6期89-123,I0004,I0005,共37页
Chinese Journal of European Studies
