摘要
明清时期广东香山县经历了大规模开发,图甲数量不断增加。康熙二十八年(1689)知县劳可式推动全县土地清丈和田赋整理,之后增设良字都第六图。良六图业户可能多为展界后重新定居者,且未严格以地理就近原则编排,而是来自全县各地。他们按照同姓共甲原则,或一姓或数姓开立图甲。虽然该图中的同姓群体并未紧密形成新的宗族组织,但增图后图内各姓的社会关系得到了巩固与强化。良六图的设立并非源于田土开发、人户增长,也与均图无关,属于边缘小户要求摆脱甲首户身份的户籍系统调整活动。粮户归宗精神贯彻于增图全过程,反映了清初地方社会进行基层组织改革的具体路径与可能。
During the Ming and Qing periods,Xiangshan County in Guangdong underwent extensive development,and the number of tu-jia administrative units increased steadily.Magistrate Lao Keshi conducted a comprehensive land survey and tax rectification in the 28th year of the Kangxi reign(1689).Shortly thereafter,the Sixth Tu of Liang Zi Du was newly established.Most householders registered in this new unit were likely resettlers who returned after the restoration of the coastal zone.Their assignment did not follow strict geographical proximity;rather,they were grouped according to the principle of forming jia by surname,with single-surname or multi-surname clusters constituting each subunit.Although these same-surname groups did not solidify into new lineage organizations,the social ties among them were nonetheless strengthened after the creation of the new tu.The establishment of the Sixth Tu was not driven by land reclamation or population growth,nor was it related to equalizing the size of tu-jia administrative units.Instead,it represented an adjustment within the household-registration system initiated by marginal smallholders seeking to avoid serving as jia-shou(heads of the jia).The process was shaped by the practice in which dispersed same-surname groups were reorganized into a single clan-based tax unit(liang hu gui zong),revealing a concrete pathway and set of possibilities for grassroots organizational reform in early Qing grassroots society.
出处
《中国经济史研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期30-51,共22页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“清代农家账簿中的乡村经济和社会史料整理与研究”(批准号:22&ZD078)
上海市“晨光计划”项目(批准号:23CGA49)阶段性成果之一。
关键词
清代
香山县
增图
粮户归宗
基层社会
Qing Dynasty
Xiangshan County
Creating Additional Tu Units
Lianghu Guizong
Grassroots Society
