摘要
沙戈荒地区硅橡胶复合材料在高速运动沙粒的冲蚀磨损作用下易出现材料损伤及性能下降等问题。材料硬度及撕裂韧性是影响冲蚀磨损性能的关键因素,现有研究尚未建立适用于沙戈荒多因子耦合环境的硅橡胶材料性能评价体系,暂未优选出能够在强风沙侵蚀极端条件下长期服役的材料。该文搭建了多环境参量可调的气流喷砂式冲蚀模拟试验系统,基于沙戈荒地区实测沙尘特征参数,研究了不同硬度及撕裂韧性硅橡胶材料的风沙冲蚀行为。首先通过五种材料的磨损率定量分析确定冲蚀达稳态的试验参数;其次开展稳态冲蚀微观形貌表征和闪络电压测试等性能劣化定量评估;最后基于试验数据系统分析确定材料优选方案。研究发现,高撕裂材料在磨损初始阶段表现出较好的耐冲蚀性,磨损率及表面裂纹密度较低,力学性能优越,但长期耐磨损性能差;高硬度材料初始磨损率高,而长期稳定性能优越,稳态磨损率约为高撕裂材料的1/2,材料剥落损伤减少,适用于强风沙冲蚀地区。现有硅橡胶试样中,高硬度1号材料(邵尔A硬度为80)在闪络电压、磨损率等方面表现出显著优势,可作为该地区应用的优先选型方案。在保持其他性能稳定的条件下,硅橡胶复合材料的耐冲蚀磨损性能与其硬度值呈正相关。该文可为恶劣环境下复合绝缘材料的性能优化与选型提供重要的理论依据及实践指导。
The composite insulators of transmission lines in the desert,Gobi,and wilderness regions of Northwest China are subjected to erosion wear from high-speed moving sand particles,making them highly susceptible to material damage and performance degradation.These issues can lead to tripping faults in transmission lines,severely compromising the safe and stable operation of power grids.Material hardness and mechanical performance parameters are critical factors determining erosion resistance.However,the current evaluation system for silicone rubber material performance under the complex environmental conditions of sandstorm-prone regions remains incomplete,failing to optimally select materials capable of meeting long-term service requirements in extreme wind-sand erosion environments.To address this,the study established 20 sampling points along ultra-high voltage transmission line towers in frequent sandstorm areas of Xinjiang and Qinghai.A coordinated sand collection system integrating weather stations,sand collectors,and anemometers was designed to conduct on-site collection of dust samples.Statistical analyses of sand particle size distribution,morphology,and high-altitude wind speeds were performed to authentically reconstruct the wind-sand environment in desert,Gobi,and wilderness regions.Based on the analysis of wind-sand characteristic parameters,a mobile,multi-environmental parameter-adjustable airflow sandblasting erosion simulation test system was developed.This system enabled sand erosion simulation experiments on silicone rubber flat specimens under varying erosion durations and angles,as well as on intact composite insulators under steady-state erosion conditions.Post-erosion characterization of silicone rubber materials with different formulations included microscopic morphology analysis,roughness measurement,hydrophobicity assessment,hardness testing,mechanical property evaluation,and flashover voltage testing.A multi-dimensional performance evaluation system for silicone rubber materials was established,facilitating the optimal selection of materials better suited to the extreme wind-sand erosion environments in desert,Gobi,and wilderness regions.This systematic approach provides a scientific basis for developing composite insulators with enhanced durability in harsh sandstorm-prone areas.This study reveals the damage evolution patterns and performance degradation mechanisms of silicone rubber materials under wind-sand erosion conditions.The research identifies a distinct three-stage characteristic in the erosion wear process of silicone rubber materials:During the initial phase,low-hardness materials exhibit higher wear rates while high tear-strength materials demonstrate superior performance.In the acceleration phase,the wear rate growth of high tear-strength materials becomes significantly pronounced.At the steady-state phase,material hardness shows a negative correlation with wear rate,where increasing hardness can reduce wear rates by over 30%.The steady-state erosion rate displays a typical unimodal distribution with sand impact angles,peaking between 30°~45°.Notably,the high-hardness 1 material(80 Shore A)exhibits optimal erosion resistance,achieving a 30%lower wear rate and minimal cumulative mass loss compared to conventional materials.Morphological analysis of steady-state damage demonstrates that low-hardness materials primarily undergo viscoelastic fatigue-driven lamellar exfoliation,whereas high-hardness materials develop a composite damage mechanism combining brittle exfoliation and crack propagation,forming characteristic“pit clusters with radial cracks”morphologies.Comprehensive performance evaluations confirm that the high-hardness 1 material maintains significant advantages in mechanical property retention,hydrophobicity recovery capability,and flashover voltage stability.Based on these findings,it is recommended to prioritize the 80 Shore A high-hardness 1 silicone rubber material for power equipment in desert-Gobi-wilderness regions.This research provides critical theoretical foundations and experimental support for selecting protective materials in extreme environments,offering technical guidance for enhancing the operational reliability of transmission lines in sandstorm-prone areas.
作者
耿江海
曲换龙
王平
田正波
张锐
Geng Jianghai;Qu Huanlong;Wang Ping;Tian Zhengbo;Zhang Rui(Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003 China;Xiangyang State Grid Composite Insulators Co.Ltd,Xiangyang 441000 China;China Electric Power Research Institute,Wuhan 430074 China)
出处
《电工技术学报》
北大核心
2026年第3期778-793,共16页
Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52477144)。
关键词
硅橡胶
风沙冲蚀
耐磨性
性能评估
材料选型
Silicone rubber
wind erosion
wear resistance
performance evaluation
material selection
