摘要
洞庭湖湖滩是一个特殊的生境类型,在此栖息的小型兽类群落由于受水位涨落的影响,汛期必须被迫迁出被淹没的湖滩,退水后自然迁回,形成了与周围其他生境不同的小型兽类群落格局,即湖滩上小型兽类仅以东方田鼠为绝对优势种群的格局。20世纪70年代前,东方田鼠无大面积为害暴发。20世纪70-90年代,有东方田鼠为害暴发;2007年,东方田鼠为害暴发成灾,研究认为这是其种群波动年动态的数量高峰年叠加人类活动有利其种群发展的结果。三峡工程实施后,湖滩周围生境的其他小型兽类广泛侵入湖滩生境,其中黑线姬鼠大量侵入,这体现了人类社会经济活动对动物群落演替的颠覆性作用。可见,洞庭湖湖滩生境小型兽类的群落演替和种群发展是社会-经济-自然复合生态系统理论的完美体现。
The beaches of Dongting Lake are a special habitat type.Due to fluctuating water levels,the small mammals inhabiting the lake beaches are forced to move out during the flood seasons and naturally return after the water recedes,forming a distinct community that differs from those in surrounding habitats.Specifically the Yangtze vole(Alexandromys fortis)exists as the overwhelmingly dominant species on the lake beaches.Before the 1970s,there were no large-scale outbreaks of voles.However,between the 1970s and the 1990s,the vole population exploded and caused disasters,and in 2007,a severe vole outbreak escalated into a disaster.Research indicates that this event resulted from the coincidence of a peak year in vole population fluctuation with human activities that favored their population growth.After the implementation of the Three Gorges Project,other small mammals from surrounding habitats extensively invaded the lake beaches,especially large numbers of Apodemus agrarius,reflecting the subversive impact of human social and economic activities on the succession of animal communities.Therefore,the community succession and population development of small mammals in the Dongting Lake beach habitat exemplify the social-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory.
作者
张美文
徐正刚
黄华南
张琛
周训军
李波
杨桂燕
ZHANG Meiwen;XU Zhenggang;HUANG Huanan;ZHANG Chen;ZHOU Xunjun;LI Bo;YANG Guiyan(National Field Observation and Research Station of Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,Hunan,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Datonghu Section,Yiyang 413207,Hunan,China)
出处
《生命科学研究》
2025年第6期493-501,509,共10页
Life Science Research
基金
国家基金委区域联合基金项目(U20A20118)。
关键词
小型兽类
种群
群落演替
社会-经济-自然复合生态系统
洞庭湖湖滩
small mammal
population
community succession
social-economic-natural complex ecosystem
beach of Dongting Lake
