摘要
掏槽爆破效果直接影响整体爆破掘进效率,然而传统连续装药结构掏槽效率较低且不适用于深孔爆破,为此开展掏槽孔分段装药研究。首先,基于理论分析和力学模型分析2种装药结构与最小抵抗线的关系,揭示分段装药可通过先起爆孔口段炸药创造新爆破自由面,降低孔底段炸药抵抗线,使有效破岩范围远大于连续装药;其次,以现场施工为背景开展模型试验,并利用数值模拟进行验证,结果表明采用分段装药后掏槽爆破的炮孔利用率、掏槽空腔体积及大块碎石比例等评价指标均优于连续装药,其中孔口段装药占比为0.4时效果最好;最后,将掏槽孔分段装药与数码电子雷管结合开展现场爆破掘进试验。结果表明:对比原方案,孔深增加后继续采用连续装药会降低爆破效率,增加大块碎石数量;采用分段装药后炮孔利用率达95%以上,巷道断面和轮廓成型质量提升,月进尺大幅度提高。
The efficiency of cut-hole blasting directly determines the overall excavation performance,yet the traditional continuous charging structure has low cutting efficiency and is unsuitable for deep-hole blasting.In view of this fact,this study was focused on segmented charging of cut holes(SCCH).Firstly,based on theoretical analysis and mechanical models,the relationship between two types of charge structures and the minimum resistance line was analyzed.The analysis revealed that SCCH creates a new blasting free surface by first detonating the charge at the opening of the hole.In this way,the resistance line of the charge at the bottom of the hole is lowered,and thereby the effective rock breaking range becomes much larger than continuous charging.Secondly,model tests were conducted against the backdrop of an active construction site and verified by numerical simulations.The results disclosed that the evaluation indicators such as hole utilization ratio,cut cavity volume,and proportion of large rock fragments are superior after the application of SCCH,and the best effect is recorded when the charge proportion at the opening of the hole is 0.4.Finally,blasting excavation tests which combined SCCH with digital electronic detonators were conducted on site.According to the test results,compared to the original scheme,keeping continuous charging in the case of increased hole depth will reduce the efficiency of blasting and raise the number of large rock fragments.In contrast,the adoption of SCCH achieves a blast hole utilization rate of over 95%,improved tunnel cross section and contour,and a markedly promoted monthly advance rate.
作者
李成孝
杨仁树
左进京
谢平
LI Chengxiao;YANG Renshu;ZUO Jinjing;XIE Ping(China-Zambia Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Green and Safe Development of Mineral Resources,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Resources and Safety Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Gubei Coal Mine of Huaizhe Coal and Electricity Co Ltd,Huainan,Anhui 232150,China)
出处
《采矿与安全工程学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期107-119,共13页
Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52208384,51934001)
中国博士后基金项目(2023TQ0024)
国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20240108)。
关键词
岩巷掘进
深孔掏槽爆破
分段装药
模型试验
现场试验
rock roadway excavation
deep-hole blasting
segmented charging
model test
field test
