摘要
彩绘文物反映古人的哲理观与审美观,具有极强的艺术价值和研究价值,通过科学技术手段可获取其中蕴含的丰富历史信息。拉曼光谱技术具有无损、精确灵敏、快速简便的优势,十分适配彩绘文物中颜料的分析检测。本文介绍了拉曼光谱技术的原理和发展历程,结合课题组前期大量彩绘文物颜料分析鉴定结果,汇总了常见颜料的拉曼光谱数据,便于研究人员快速初步定位结果。基于定性分析梳理了拉曼光谱技术在彩绘文物颜料分析中的应用案例,包括表征变色机理、区分颜料属性和断代、复原绘画技法和溯源产地,也归纳了如定量分析和空间分辨等较为前沿的应用。其中,颜料的空间分辨识别,除了实现面扫描,还能拓展到一定深度,这为特殊颜料的劣变机理、重层彩绘等复杂情况的研究提供了技术支持。此外,对于不可移动文物原位检测和有机染料分析等现实难点,随着拉曼光谱技术的提升也可实现突破。实际上,拉曼光谱技术在其他类型文物的分析检测中也有应用,在文物分析研究与保护中发挥着极具潜力又不可替代的作用。
Painted cultural relics reflect the philosophy and aesthetics of the ancients.They have strong artistic value and research value,with rich historical information contained therein can be obtained through scientific and technological methods.Raman spectroscopy offers several advantages,including non-destructive analysis,accuracy,sensitivity,speed,and sensitive,fast and simple.It is very suitable for the analysis and detection of pigments in painted cultural relics.This work introduces the fundamental principles and evolution of Raman spectroscopy technology.Basing on research group’s comprehensive pigment analysis of painted cultural relics,a Raman spectral database of common pigments has been established to facilitate rapid preliminary identification.This study demonstrates various applications of this technique in heritage conservation,including investigation of discoloration mechanisms,determination of pigment properties and provenance,and reconstruction of painting techniques.Advanced applications are also be summarized such as quantitative analysis and spatial resolution imaging.Spatial resolution imaging enables both surface examination and subsurface analysis to support research on pigment degradation and complex multi-layered artworks.The findings provide valuable technical references for the scientific study of cultural heritage materials.Besides,for in-situ detection of immovable cultural relics and the analysis of organic dyes and other practical difficulties,breakthroughs can also be realized with the enhancement of Raman spectroscopy technology.In fact,Raman spectroscopy technology is also used in the analysis and detection of other types of cultural relics,and plays a very potential and irreplaceable role in the analysis,research and protection of cultural relics.
作者
薛维杉
孙凤
马梓钧
杜悦
XUE Weishan;SUN Feng;MA Zijun;DU Yue(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710127,China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation(Northwest University),Xi’an,Shaanxi 710127,China;China-Central Asia Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710127,China)
出处
《光散射学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期571-581,共11页
The Journal of Light Scattering
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(22101226)。
关键词
拉曼光谱
彩绘文物
颜料分析
无损检测
Raman spectroscopy
Painted relics
Pigment analysis
Non-destructive testing
