摘要
量子科学革命以来,人们发现微观粒子的运动无法通过经典物理学确定性的公式来预测,而只能通过概率分布来描述。沃尔纳·海森堡(Werner Heisenberg)于1927年提出的“海森堡不确定性原理”对这方面内容进行了总结,即一个运动粒子的位置和它的动量不可同时被准确测量,数学上表达为Δx·Δp≥h/4π。在现代化学知识学习过程中,海森堡不确定性原理是相关课程的知识点之一,深入理解“不确定性原理”的科学内涵,不仅有助于提高现代化学学习水平,也有益于前沿科学研究。本文从化学史的角度介绍物理学家海森堡的科学历程和“不确定性原理”的提出背景,列举顾名思义、举例说明、物理直观、数学推导、哲学理解等5个角度来理解该知识点。
Quantum mechanics has revealed that the motion of microscopic particles cannot be predicted using the deterministic formulas of classical physics,rather it can only be described through probability distributions.Werner Heisenberg proposed the Uncertainty Principle in 1927,which states that the position of a moving particle and its momentum cannot be precisely measured simultaneously,mathematically expressed asΔx·Δp≥h/4π.Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle is a crucial topic across several chemistry courses.A deep understanding of the principle is not only beneficial for enhancing one’s knowledge of modern chemistry but also supportive of advancing scientific researches.Herein,we recapitulate the historical background of the Uncertainty Principle,and present five different perspectives to understand the Principle,such as meaning of the name,real-life examples,physical examples,mathematical derivation,and philosophical understanding,so to help teachers and students grasp the concepts more thoroughly.This year marks the 100th anniversary of Heisenberg’s formulation of quantum mechanics,and we commemorate this milestone through our discussion.
作者
武文娜
冯凯
韩艳阳
刘珊珊
何涛
杨昕
刘杰
李庆忠
柳华杰
张涛
WU Wen-Na;FENG Kai;HAN Yan-Yang;LIU Shan-Shan;HE Tao;YANG Xin;LIU Jie;LI Qing-Zhong;LIU Hua-Jie;ZHANG Tao(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China;School of Chemical Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)
出处
《化学教育(中英文)》
北大核心
2026年第2期123-129,共7页
Chinese Journal of Chemical Education
基金
山东省本科教学改革研究面上项目(M2024254)
泰山学者工程专项经费资助(tsqn202306160)
同济大学2025年研究生教育研究与改革项目,研究生知识微单元建设(0703化学)(2025ZSWDY26)。
关键词
大学化学
海森堡不确定性原理
化学教育
化学史
college chemistry
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
chemical education
history of chemistry
