摘要
硫酸锌制备是湿法炼锌工业的关键环节,是大学无机化学实验课程的重要教学内容。针对现行教学方案中存在的问题,本研究通过对比分析3种典型教材方案,优化了浸出条件控制、净化工艺等关键环节。(1)酸浸工艺:加热至沸腾并保持25 min,促进铁酸锌分解。建议将过滤延至铁锰去除后进行,利用氢氧化铁胶体吸附提升过滤效率。(2)铁锰分步去除:先以H_(2)O_(2)氧化Fe^(2+),后添加少量KMnO_(4)处理Mn^(2+),减少氧化剂用量与副产物。明确ZnO对维持pH稳定的作用。确定ZnO添加量使体系pH稳定在4.8~5.4范围(氢氧化铁凝聚最佳区间)。(3)Ni^(2+)去除:引入微量硫酸铜溶液,利用微电池效应提高Ni^(2+)去除效果。
The preparation of zinc sulfate is a key step in the wet zinc smelting industry and an important teaching content of inorganic chemistry experiment in university.Aiming at the problems existing in the current teaching scheme,this study optimizes the key steps such as leaching condition control and purification technology by comparing and analyzing three typical teaching schemes.(1)Acid leaching process:Heat the acid leaching solution to boiling and maintain for 25 minutes to promote the decomposition of zinc ferrite.It is recommended to delay the filtration process after the removal of iron and manganese,and use colloidal adsorption of iron hydroxide to improve the filtration efficiency.(2)Step-by-step removal of iron and manganese:First,use H_(2)O_(2)to oxidize Fe^(2+),and then add a small amount of KMnO_(4) to treat Mn^(2+),reducing the amount of oxidant and by-products.Clarify the role of ZnO in maintaining pH stability.Determine the amount of ZnO added to stabilize the pH of the system in the range of 4.8 to 5.4(the optimal range for coagulation of iron hydroxide).(3)Ni^(2+)removal:Introduce a trace amount of copper sulfate solution and utilize the microbattery effect to improve the removal efficiency of Ni^(2+).
作者
李苑
张金钰
张航
曾承辉
钟声亮
LI Yuan;ZHANG Jin-Yu;ZHANG Hang;ZENG Cheng-Hui;ZHONG Sheng-Liang(College of Chemistry and Materials,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)
出处
《化学教育(中英文)》
北大核心
2026年第2期46-53,共8页
Chinese Journal of Chemical Education
基金
江西省高等学校教学改革研究省级课题(JXJG-24-2-26)。
关键词
锌焙砂
硫酸锌
制备
净化
zinc calcine
zinc sulfate
preparation
purification
