摘要
空场嗣后充填采矿法既具有空场法安全、高效和工艺简单的特点,又能有效处理空区和控制岩层移动变形,已成为中国金属矿床地下开采的主流方法之一。基于阶段(分段)空场嗣后充填采矿法的应用现状,介绍了空场嗣后充填采矿法回采工艺的特点,阐述了空场嗣后充填采矿法盘区与矿房布置、矿房结构参数、采场底部结构、充填需求及其对围岩变形抑制的作用机理等方面的研究现状与创新成果,总结了“十四五”期间该方法在采矿方法与工艺、充填材料与充填技术、以及围岩变形与控制等方面研究与应用中仍存在的不足,并展望了未来发展方向。认为空场嗣后充填采矿法在“十五五”乃至更长一段时间内的研究与应用应聚焦于:①在确保回采安全的前提下,推进大结构参数连续开采研究,以及铲运机出矿+矿卡转运+采区集中溜井放矿相结合的矿石运输工艺研究,提高空场嗣后充填采矿法的采场生产能力,加速空场嗣后充填采矿法的高效智能化发展;②以提高工业固废综合利用率、提高回采效率和降低充填成本为目的,开发早期强度高、强度增长快且抵御爆破冲击能力强的充填体材料,缩短一、二步骤采场回采的时间间隔,提高阶段的开采强度;③以控制地表沉降为目标,建立充填质量评价体系与标准,研究充填材料强度、充填技术等与控制采场、盘区围岩变形和地表沉降需求的匹配特性,降低生产成本;④以实现地表变形与沉降的有效控制为目的,探索全尾砂胶结充填体沉缩与空区充填接顶的控制技术,提升采矿方法对矿产资源绿色开采的贡献度;⑤以消除不确定因素影响为目标,研发空场嗣后充填采矿的智能化设计与回采过程的智能化管控技术;⑥以实现矿山数智化为目标,提升空场嗣后充填采矿法实施过程中的智能决策与装备水平,最终实现“一键管控”的无人开采模式。
Open-stope mining with subsequent filling methods is characterized by its safety,high efficiency,and simple technology.It can also effectively deal with the mining-out and control the movement and deformation of the rock,so it has become one of the mainstream mining methods for the metal underground mines in China.Based on the application status of the open-stope mining with a subsequent filling method,the paper introduces the mining characteristics of this method,describes the research status and innovation achievements of the open-stope mining with subsequent filling methods in aspects of panel and room layout,room structural parameters,stope bottom structure,filling demand and its mechanism of inhibiting the deformation of surrounding rock.It also summarizes the existing shortcomings in the research and application of this mining method during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in China,such as mining method and technology,filling material and filling technology,and deformation and control of surrounding rock.It also looks forward to the future development direction.The research and application for the“15th Five-Year Plan”or even a longer period of time should focus on:①Under the premise of ensuring the safety of mining,the research on continuous mining with large structural parameters and the ore transportation technology combined with scraper draw out+mining card transfer+centralized ore pass drawing in the mining area are promoted to improve the stope production capacity of open-stope mining with subsequent filling method and accelerate the efficient and intelligent development of the mining method;②For improving the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste and the mining efficiency and reducing the filling cost,the backfill material with high early strength,rapid strength growth and strong resistance to blasting impact should be developed to shorten the interval time of the first and second step stope mining and improve the mining intensity of the levels;③To effectively control surface settlement,it is necessary to establish a filling quality evaluation system and standards,study the matching characteristics of filling material strength,filling technology,etc.with the requirements for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock in the stope and disk area and surface settlement,and reduce production costs;④To achieve effective control of surface deformation and settlement,it is essential to investigate control technologies related to the shrinkage and settlement behavior of full-tailings cemented backfill,as well as backfill-to-roof interface bonding in mined-out areas.These efforts will enhance the contribution of mining methods to the green and sustainable exploitation of mineral resources;⑤To mitigate the impact of uncertain factors,it is necessary to develop intelligent design technologies for open-stope mining with subsequent filling method and intelligent control technologies for the mining process;⑥To achieve the aim of the digitalization and intelligence in mines,the level of intelligent decision-making and equipment automation in the implementation of open-stope mining with subsequent filling method should be enhanced,with the ultimate goal of realizing an unmanned mining mode of"one-key control".
作者
路增祥
李角群
马强英
LU Zengxiang;LI Jiaoqun;MA Qiangying(School of Mining Engineering,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan 114051,China)
出处
《金属矿山》
北大核心
2026年第1期22-41,共20页
Metal Mine
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51774176)
河钢集团重点科技项目(编号:HG2023215)。
关键词
空场嗣后充填采矿法
盘区
采场
回采工艺
充填技术
稳定性
发展方向
open-stope mining with subsequent filling method
panel
stope
mining technology
backfilling technology
stability
developing direction
