摘要
针对全球生猪生产成本持续攀升与效率提升不足的问题,基于2016—2022年欧洲、美洲和亚洲15国的投入产出数据,采用要素成本贡献度分解与全局Malmquist生产率指数模型,从“成本—效率”双维度框架开展跨国比较分析。结果表明:1)全球生猪生产成本普遍上升,饲料成本为主要驱动项,劳动力、资本和其他可变成本在不同国家中呈现差异性特征,反映出各国生猪产业所处生命周期不同;2)全要素生产率整体提升主要源于技术进步,但其路径因国而异,成长期国家依赖规模扩张实现效率积累,成熟期国家依托技术、管理创新突破瓶颈,转型期国家则在政策倒逼下形成绿色创新补偿效应;3)成本结构与效率水平间存在显著的双向动态反馈机制,且外部冲击加速技术集约与产业整合,短期推高成本、长期增强韧性,形成“效率增益对冲成本压力”机制。为应对我国生猪产业成本上涨与效率不足的双重挑战,应在短期内着力控制饲料及劳动力成本以稳定生产,中长期内通过关键技术创新、管理能力提升、绿色养殖模式及环保设施普及以提升效率水平。
To address the persistent rise in global pig production costs and inadequate efficiency gains,this study conducts a cross-country comparative analysis within a dua“l cost⁃efficiency”framework,based on the inputoutput data from 15 countries in European,America and Asia during 2016 to 2022.The cost-component contribution decomposition and the global Malmquist productivity index model are used.The results indicate that:1)Pig production costs have generally increased worldwide,with feed costs as the primary driver.Labor,capital,and other variable costs vary significantly across countries,reflecting differences in their respective pig industry life cycle stages.2)The overall growth in total factor productivity is mainly driven by technological progress,but its path varies by country.The growth-stage countriesrely on scale expansion,the mature-stage countries rely on tech and management innovation breakthroughs,and the transition-stage countries rely on policy-driven green innovation.3)A significant two-way dynamic feedback mechanism exists between cost structure and production efficiency,and external shocks accelerate tech intensification and industry consolidation,raising costs in short term but boosting resilience in long term,which creats an“efficiency gains offset cost pressure”mechanism.To address the dual challenges of rising costs and insufficient efficiency in China’s pig-production industry,short-term efforts should focus on controlling feed and labor costs to stabilize production,while medium-term efforts to long-term measures should enhance efficiency through key technological innovations,improved management capabilities,green farming models,and the widespread adoption of environmental protection facilities.
作者
张靳雪
张梦圆
路剑
ZHANG Jinxue;ZHANG Mengyuan;LU Jian(College of Economics and Management,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期315-327,共13页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
河北省在读研究生创新能力培养资助项目(CXZZBS2025099)。
关键词
生猪生产成本
要素成本贡献度分解
全局Malmquist生产率指数
降本增效
pig production cost
factor cost contribution decomposition
global Malmquist productivity index
cost reduction and efficiency enhancement
