摘要
为分析黄淮地区花生品种主要农艺性状和种子品质特征,选取147份主要花生栽培品种为材料,采用DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)测试技术调查了21个目测性状与8个测量性状,测定了16项种子品质指标,综合运用遗传多样性分析、相关性分析及聚类分析等方式,解析该地区花生品种的表型性状与种子品质特征。结果表明:黄淮地区花生品种在目测性状上存在一致性,所有品种均为主茎开花、侧枝连续开花和籽粒近柱形且无次色;同时,叶片颜色、种皮及内种皮颜色等性状仍表达出丰富多样性。测量性状变异系数介于6.74%~18.44%之间,其中主茎长、侧枝长和分枝数变异较大,出仁率和小叶长较为稳定。试验花生品种成熟种子普遍含油量较高(51.64%),粗蛋白含量变幅较大(18.64%~32.49%),油酸与亚油酸呈极显著负相关性(-0.99),粗蛋白与苯丙氨酸、精氨酸存在极显著正相关性(0.99和0.98)。通过聚类分析将品种划分为4个类群:类群Ⅰ高出仁率和高含油量,类群Ⅱ植株高大、蛋白质和氨基酸含量高,类群Ⅲ性状均衡,类群Ⅳ油酸含量突出。本研究系统揭示了黄淮地区主要花生品种性状的一致性与多样性特征,为花生精准育种和产业可持续发展提供了科学依据。
To analyze the main agronomic traits and seed quality characteristics of peanut varieties in the Huang-Huai region,147 main cultivated peanut varieties were selected as experimental materials.The DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)test technique was used to investigate 21 visual traits and 8 measurable traits,as well as 16 seed quality indicators were determined.Comprehensive methods including genetic diversity analysis,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the phenotypic traits and seed quality characteristics of peanut varieties in this region.The results showed that the peanut varieties in the Huang-Huai region exhibited high consistency in visual traits,e.g.all varieties had main stem flowering,sequential branching,and nearly cylindrical seeds without secondary color.At the same time,traits such as leaf color,seed skin and testa color still expressed rich diversity.The coefficient of variation for measurable traits ranged from 6.74%to 18.44%,with main stem length,lateral branch length,and branch number showing greater variation,while kernel-fruit ratio and leaflet length were relatively stable.The mature seeds of the tested peanut varieties generally had high oil content(51.64%)and widely varied crude protein content(18.64%-32.49%),the oleic acid and linoleic acid showed a highly significant negative correlation(-0.99),and crude protein had highly significant positive correlations with phenylalanine and arginine(0.99 and 0.98).Cluster analysis divided the varieties into four groups:Group I had high kernel-fruit ratio and high oil content;Group II had tall plants with high protein and amino acid content;Group III exhibited balanced traits;Group IV had prominent oleic acid content.This study systematically reveals the consistency and diversity characteristics of the main peanut varieties in the Huang-Huai region,providing a scientific basis for precision breeding and sustainable development of the peanut industry.
作者
孙建军
曹地
王红红
秦一凡
豆丹丹
钱艳艳
郭玉玺
郭新海
丁超明
王德新
SUN Jianjun;CAO Di;WANG Honghong;QIN Yifan;DOU Dandan;QIAN Yanyan;GUO Yuxi;GUO Xinhai;DING Chaoming;WANG Dexin(Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《花生学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期73-84,共12页
Journal of Peanut Science
基金
河南省农业科学院应用科技公共项目(2025YG02)。
关键词
花生
遗传多样性
农艺性状
品种
种子品质
peanut
genetic diversity
agronomic traits
variety
seed quality
