摘要
金属矿山面临低品位、细粒嵌布及多金属共生矿石的加工挑战,此类矿石中有用矿物嵌布粒度常细至微米级,选矿过程中粗精矿、精矿、中矿或尾矿的再磨环节需精准细磨/超细磨,才能实现有价矿物与脉石的单体解离,保障高精矿品位与金属回收率。细磨解离是决定精矿质量与资源利用率的核心环节,但传统卧式球磨机存在能耗高、选择性磨矿效果差和目的矿物解离不充分等问题,制约了低品位嵌布粒度细的矿产资源高效开发。选择性细磨解离技术依托矿物间物理力学性质差异,实现目的矿物与脉石的精准解离,搅拌磨机作为该技术的核心装备,其创新优化的结构与工作参数直接影响细磨解离成效。本文系统阐释选择性细磨解离技术的理论基础与发展演进,重点聚焦搅拌磨机在腔形结构优化、搅拌器创新设计、工作参数协同调控及智能化升级等方向的突破,结合铁矿、铜钼矿、石墨矿的工业应用案例验证技术与装备创新的实际效果,展望其领域未来发展趋势,为矿产资源高效加工提供理论与技术支撑。
Metal mines are confronted with the challenges of processing low-grade,fine-grained disseminated,and polymetallic paragenetic ores.In such ores,the disseminated grain size of valuable minerals is often as fine as the micron level.Thus,the regrinding of rougher concentrates,final concentrates,middlings,or tailings during mineral processing requires precise fine grinding/ultrafine grinding to achieve complete monomer dissociation of valuable minerals from gangue,thereby ensuring high concentrate grade and metal recovery.Fine grinding and dissociation constitute the core process determining concentrate quality and resource utilization efficiency.However,conventional horizontal ball mills suffer from drawbacks such as high energy consumption,poor selective grinding performance,and insufficient dissociation of target minerals,which restrict the efficient exploitation of mineral resources characterized by low grade and fine dissemination.Selective fine grinding and dissociation technology leverages the differences in physical and mechanical properties among minerals to achieve accurate dissociation between target minerals and gangue.As the core equipment for this technology,the stirred mill's innovatively optimized structure and operating parameters directly dictate the efficacy of fine grinding and dissociation.This paper systematically elaborates on the theoretical fundamentals and evolutionary development of selective fine grinding and dissociation technology,with a focused emphasis on breakthroughs in stirred mills,including cavity structure optimization,innovative agitator design,collaborative regulation of operating parameters,and intelligent upgrading.Industrial application cases involving iron ore,Cu-Mo ore,and graphite ore are presented to verify the practical effectiveness of technological and equipment innovations.Finally,future development trends in this field are prospected,aiming to provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient processing of mineral resources.
作者
张国旺
龙渊
石立
刘瑜
赵湘
罗灿
ZHANG Guowang;LONG Yuan;SHI Li;LIU Yu;ZHAO Xiang;LUO Can(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410012,China;Hunan Jinmill Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410012,China)
出处
《有色金属(选矿部分)》
2026年第1期1-16,共16页
Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing Section)
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904602)。
关键词
选择性解离
细磨
搅拌磨机
结构创新
参数优化
多金属矿
selective liberation
fine grinding
stirred mill
structural innovation
parameter optimization
polymetallic ore
