摘要
机器人、无人机、电动汽车、智能电子设备的快速发展,促进了高比能锂电池的迅猛发展.然而,高比能锂电池的关键材料面临着锂离子传导差、体积膨胀大、电极/界面不稳定、化学和结构稳定性差等重要挑战.本综述从基础化学键的角度出发,系统总结了氢键化学在高比能锂电池关键材料设计优化中的作用.合理构建氢键网络结构可以提升正负极材料的化学稳定性和结构稳定性,缓解体积膨胀和提升电极/界面稳定性.氢键可以调控电解液溶剂化结构,增强聚合物电解质锂离子传输,赋予聚合物电解质和粘结剂自修复功能并提升其机械性能.最后,指出了氢键在高比能锂电池中面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展进行了展望.
The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles,unmanned aerial vehicles,and smart electronics has fueled escalating demand for high-energy-density lithium batteries.Current battery systems confront critical challenges:sluggish Li+ion transport kinetics that constrain rate capability;structural degradation from substantial volume changes in silicon anodes and sulfur cathodes;accelerated stability deterioration through interfacial side reactions;and shortened cycle life due to chemical/structural degradation.This review,rooted in chemical bond fundamentals,systematically examines regulatory mechanisms of hydrogen bond(H-bond)chemistry—harnessing the dynamic reversibility of H-bonds(X—H…Y,where X and Y denote highly electronegative small-radius atoms like N,O,or F,with bond energies of 5~42 kJ·mol^(-1))to overcome material limitations across battery components.For cathodes,H-bond networks between organic coatings and layered oxides suppress lattice oxygen release and transition metal dissolution,enhancing interfacial stability,while intramolecular H-bonding in organic cathodes mitigates dissolution;concurrently,self-healing binders utilizing dynamic H-bond reorganization accommodate sulfur cathode volume expansion.In electrolytes,functional enhancement is achieved through H-bond mediation:liquid electrolytes leverage atypical H-bonds(e.g.,F^(δ-)—H^(δ+))to optimize solvation structures and reduce desolvation barriers,thereby accelerating interfacial Li+ion transfer;solid-state electrolytes employ H-bond chemistry to elevate ionic conductivity and Li+ion transference numbers;gel and solid polymer electrolytes exploit H-bond networks to facilitate Li+conduction,inhibit dendritic growth,enhance interfacial stability,enable self-healing,improve mechanical robustness,and widen electrochemical stability windows;organic-inorganic composite electrolytes similarly utilize H-bonds to augment Li+transference numbers and conductivity.Separator modifications exploit H-bond interactions with electrolytes to improve wettability and homogenize Li+flux.For anodes,self-healing binders dynamically reform H-bonds to repair silicon volume-expansion cracks,while artificial solid electrolyte interphase layers utilize multi-site H-bonding to guide uniform lithium deposition.Despite these advances,three pivotal challenges persist:in-situ characterization of H-bonds requires breakthroughs in advanced analytical techniques;conceptual expansion of H-bonding principles;the need for deeper mechanistic understanding of both canonical and non-canonical H-bonding in high-energy-density battery materials.Future progress demands integration of in situ characterization,artificial intelligence-assisted design,and multiscale simulations to unlock the full potential of H-bond chemistry for next-generation batteries with ultrahigh energy density and long cycle life.
作者
周泓宇
王俪颖
赵宇
吴泽轩
李国鹏
李念武
楚攀
Zhou Hongyu;Wang Liying;Zhao Yu;Wu Zexuan;Li Guopeng;Li Nianwu;Chu Pan(PetroChina Shenzhen New Energy Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000;State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029)
出处
《化学学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期1451-1462,共12页
Acta Chimica Sinica
基金
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目课题(No.2023DJ5409)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.21975015)资助。
关键词
氢键
离子传导
界面
体积膨胀
自修复
hydrogen bond
ionic transport
interphase
volume expansion
self-healing
