摘要
为有效预测和防范广西壮族自治区公路边坡危岩崩塌风险,开展边坡单体危岩和群体危岩崩塌启动现场试验研究。该文基于微震-视频监测,用PyCharm代码抽帧图像,利用Matlab处理微震监测信号并进行时域波形绘制,通过快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)和连续小波变换(continuous wavelet transform,CWT)分别得到微震信号的频谱图和时频图。结果表明,在启动机制上,危岩崩塌启动机制的主控因素在于危岩重心发生偏移,危岩与坡面(或母岩)间的黏结力下降,边坡危岩整体下滑力增大且超过抗滑力极限。其中危岩与坡面(或母岩)间的黏结力下降为滑移式与倾倒式崩塌的共有启动机制,危岩重心发生偏移主要为倾倒式崩塌的启动机制,危岩整体下滑力增大且超过抗滑力极限主要为滑移式崩塌的启动机制。同时可将这3类主控因素作为实际边坡危岩崩塌启动机制的判断标准之一。在前兆特征上,危岩崩塌前,宏观上出现局部掉块与小型岩崩等前兆现象,变形监测中位移出现突变和陡增现象,微震信号多出现于中低频带中,且主频带较宽,同时中高幅值、高能量信号占比较多。因此当综合前兆特征中多个单一前兆特征同时出现时,可作为实际边坡危岩发生崩塌的判断标准之一。提出一种危岩崩塌孕育过程全天候、非接触式联合监测的方法,即微震与视频融合的声像监测技术,可实现边坡危岩崩塌孕育过程中的早期特征识别,以及崩塌灾害闻其声、见其形的综合研判与精准预警,进而促进了实际工程中危岩崩塌应用微震与视频监测预警技术的联合发展。
To effectively predict and prevent the risk of rockfall collapses on highway slopes in Guangxi,in-situ experimental research on the initiation of single-body and group rockfalls on slopes was conducted.Based on microseismic-video monitoring,the paper uses PyCharm code to extract frame images,process microseismic monitoring signals using Matlab and draw time-domain waveforms.The fast Fourier transform(FFT)and continuous wavelet transform(CWT)were used to obtain the frequency spectrum and time-frequency diagram of the microseismic signals,respectively.The results show that the primary control factors for the initiation mechanism of rockfall are the offset of the center of gravity of the perilous rock,the decrease in the cohesive force between the perilous rock and the slope face(or bedrock),and the increase in the overall sliding force of the slope rock exceeding the anti-sliding limit.The decrease in cohesive force between the perilous rock and the slope face(or bedrock)is a common initiation mechanism for both sliding and toppling failures.The offset of the center of gravity is primarily a mechanism for toppling failures,while the increase in overall sliding force exceeding the anti-sliding limit is primarily a mechanism for sliding failures.These three main controlling factors can be used as one of the criteria for judging the initiation mechanism of actual slope rockfalls.In terms of precursor characteristics,prior to the rockfall,macroscopic phenomena such as local rockfalls and small-scale rock collapses appear,displacement monitoring shows sudden changes and rapid increases,microseismic signals are mostly observed in the medium to low frequency bands with relatively wide main frequency bands,and high-amplitude,high-energy signals are more common.Therefore,when multiple individual precursor characteristics are present simultaneously,they can be used as one of the criteria for judging the occurrence of actual slope rockfalls.A method for all-weather,non-contact joint monitoring of the rockfall incubation process is proposed,combining microseismic and video fusion voice-image monitoring technology.This approach can realize early feature identification in the rockfall incubation process,as well as comprehensive judgment and precise early warning of collapse disasters through“hearing the sound and seeing the shape”,thereby promoting the combined development of microseismic and video monitoring and early warning technologies in practical engineering projects for rockfall prevention.
作者
张信贵
陈述峰
严利娥
蓝日彦
韩伟
范立峰
田佳男
ZHANG Xingui;CHEN Shufeng;YAN Li'e;LAN Riyan;HAN Wei;FAN Lifeng;TIAN Jianan(School of Civil Engineering,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Guangxi Xinfazhan Communications Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530029,China;Guangxi University Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530004,China;College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)
出处
《自然灾害学报》
2026年第1期145-159,共15页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
广西交通运输行业重点科技项目(桂交便函[2020]150号)
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22035011)
广西科技重大专项项目(桂科AA23073005)
水利工程边坡支护成套技术项目(23KC01)
广西壮族自治区住房和城乡建设厅项目资助项目(桂建科[2022]1号)
中化地质矿山总局项目资助项目(ZHTD202101)
广西研究生教育创新计划资助项目(YCSW2024088)。
关键词
边坡
危岩崩塌
声像监测
微震
启动机制
前兆特征
slope
perilous rock collapse
joint audio-visual monitoring
microseismic
startup mechanism
precursor feature
