摘要
结直肠癌(CRC)是全球第三大常见肿瘤,植物中天然存在的植物化合物因其潜在的抗肿瘤活性成为防治CRC的研究热点。大量研究表明,植物化合物多酚类(如白藜芦醇、大豆异黄酮、儿茶素等)、含硫化合物和醌类(如大蒜素、异硫氰酸酯等)及萜类(如植物甾醇等)等化合物可通过多种分子机制抑制CRC的发生与发展。其作用机制涉及抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导凋亡和自噬、抗炎抗氧化和调节肿瘤免疫微环境、代谢重编程以及肠道菌群稳态等。此外,部分化合物可增强化疗药物与放疗的敏感性并减轻其副作用。但在临床应用中,植物化合物在CRC中的应用仍面临机制复杂不清、生物利用度低、剂量依赖性效应不明显及长期安全性等问题的挑战。未来研究需结合人工智能技术、新型递药系统、结构优化及精准医学等研究方法,并设计高质量的临床随机对照试验验证植物化合物在CRC预防与辅助治疗中的效果。
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common tumor worldwide.Phytochemicals,naturally occurring in plants,have emerged as a research focus in colorectalcancer(CRC)due to their potentialanti-tumor activities.Numerous studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals,such as polyphenols(e.g.,resveratrol,soy isoflavones,catechin),sulfur-containing compounds and quinones(e.g.,allicin,isothiocyanate),and terpenoids(e.g.,phytosterols),can inhibit the initiation and progression of CRC through diverse molecular mechanisms.These mechanisms involve the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation,induction of apoptosis and autophagy,anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,and modulation of tumor immune microenvironment,metabolic reprogramming,and gut microbiome homeostasis.Furthermore,certainphytochemicals can enhance the sensitivityof CRC to chemotherapy and radiotherapy while mitigating their associated side effects.However,the clinical application of phytochemicals forCRC management faces challenges,including unclear mechanisms,low bioavailability,unobvious dose-dependent effects,and concers regarding long-term safety.Future research should integrate methodologies such as artificial intelligence,novel drug delivery systems,structural optimization,and precision medicine.Furthermore,high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials should be used to verify the potential effects of phytochemicals in the prevention and adjuvant therapy of CRC.
作者
范群斌
蔡蝶仪
秦立强
Fan Qunbin;Cai Dieyi;Qin Liqiang(Department of Nutrition,Suzhou Jiulong Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215028 China;School of Public Health,Suzhou University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215031,China)
出处
《肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志》
2025年第5期516-523,共8页
Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer
关键词
植物化合物
多酚
含硫化合物
萜类
结直肠癌
Phytochemicals
Polyphenols
Sulfur-containing compounds
Terpenoids Colorectal cancer
