摘要
为解决黄土高原中低产田土壤结构差、肥力弱、作物产能低等问题,于2023年开展土壤改良田间试验,设传统施肥(CK)、γ-聚谷氨酸保水剂(P)、松土剂(S)、30%有机肥替代化肥(F)、30%有机肥替代化肥+γ-聚谷氨酸保水剂(FP)和30%有机肥替代化肥+松土剂(FS)共6个处理,研究不同改良措施对土壤结构、养分含量及玉米-大豆间作系统产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,各改良措施下土壤紧实度显著降低,降幅为15.90%~28.19%,玉米产量显著提高12.07%~30.73%。与CK相比,FS处理土壤容重显著降低7.01%,土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)与几何平均直径(GMD)分别提高18.26%、21.96%,土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量分别显著增加44.70%、74.22%、100.95%,玉米的穗粒数、百粒重、产量分别提升16.11%、10.58%、30.73%。各改良措施对大豆产量和百粒重提升效果不显著。综上,30%有机肥替代+松土剂改良措施(FS)在改善土壤结构、土壤肥力和增加作物产量方面效果显著,推荐采用该方式来改善黄土高原区域旱地农业中低产田土壤质量,进而提高作物产量。
To address the problems of poor soil structure,weak fertility,and low crop productivity in medium-and low-yield fields on the Loess Plateau,field experiments on soil improvement were carried out in 2023.Six treatments were traditional fertilization(CK),γ-polyglutamic acid water-retaining agent(P),soil loosening agent(S),30%organic fertilizer substitution(F),30%organic fertilizer substitution+γ-polyglutamic acid water-retaining agent(FP),and 30%organic fertilizer substitution+soil loosening agent(FS).Their effects on soil structure,nutrients,and yield of a dryland maize-soybean intercropping system were analyzed.The results showed that all improvement measures significantly reduced soil compaction by 15.90%to 28.19%,and increased maize yield by 12.07%to 30.73%.Compared with CK,the FS treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density by 7.01%,enhanced mean weight diameter(MWD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD)of soil aggregates by 18.26%and 21.96%,respectively.The content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and available phosphorus was significantly increased by 44.70%,74.22%,and 100.95%,respectively.The grain number per ear,100-grain weight,and yield of maize were increased by 16.11%,10.58%,and 30.73%,respectively.Soybean yield and 100-grain weight showed slight increases under all improvement measures,but no statistically significant differences were observed compared to CK.In conclusion,the 30%organic fertilizer substitution+soil loosening agent(FS treatment)proved most effective in improving soil structure,enhancing soil fertility,and increasing crop yields.This method is therefore recommended as an effective measure for improving soil quality and crop productivity in medium-low yield dryland areas on the Loess Plateau.
作者
李贺男
李锦朝
付浩川
张浩磊
温家宣
庞津雯
方妍欣
董勤各
梁福琴
冯浩
LI Henan;LI Jinchao;FU Haochuan;ZHANG Haolei;WEN Jiaxuan;Pang Jinwen;FANG Yanxin;DONG Qin’ge;LIANG Fuqin;FENG Hao(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Yan’an Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yan’an,Shaanxi 716000,China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期232-239,共8页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900301)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2003-ZDLNY-56)。
关键词
土壤改良
土壤结构
土壤养分
玉米-大豆间作
产量
中低产田
soil improvement
soil structure
soil nutrients
maize-soybean intercropping
yield
medium-low yield farmland
