摘要
为建立简便、高效实用的向日葵抗旱性鉴定方法,明确向日葵品种(系)不同生育时期的抗旱性差异,以19份向日葵品种(系)为材料,在发芽期采用不同PEG-6000浓度模拟干旱胁迫,苗期、现蕾期采用自然干旱法处理,通过对发芽期5个指标(发芽势、发芽率、胚芽长、胚根长、鲜质量)、苗期6个指标(株高、茎粗、叶面积、SPAD值、根冠比、叶片相对含水量)和现蕾期6个指标(株高、茎粗、叶面积、SPAD值、叶片相对含水量、葵盘直径)分别进行测定比较,结合主成分分析、聚类分析、综合隶属函数法和逐步分析等方法综合评价发芽期和苗期的抗旱性,并基于平均隶属函数值评价现蕾期抗旱性。结果表明:发芽期所有向日葵品种(系)的相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对胚芽长、相对鲜质量均随着PEG-6000的浓度增加而降低,不同浓度下总体降幅为5.57%~80.11%,而相对胚根长则表现为低浓度下(12%PEG-6000)平均增加73.50%,后随浓度升高而下降24.66%~88.19%;苗期自然干旱胁迫抑制了株高、茎粗、叶面积的生长,降低了根冠比和叶片相对含水量,各指标较对照组下降幅度分别为25.24%、21.57%、43.79%、12.00%和24.53%,但SPAD值相比对照组表现为上升(增幅为21.88%);同时确定了向日葵发芽期抗旱性鉴定的适宜PEG-6000浓度和关键观测指标(相对发芽率、相对胚芽长、相对胚根长),以及苗期自然干旱条件下抗旱性鉴定的关键指标(相对株高、相对茎粗、相对叶面积、相对根冠比),建立了向日葵发芽期、苗期和现蕾期抗旱鉴定方法;利用所建立的方法从19份向日葵品种(系)中筛选出发芽期强抗旱材料1份(‘67号’)和苗期强耐旱品种(系)2份(‘35号’和‘巴葵138’),并结合现蕾期抗旱性评价发现,‘35号’在3个时期均表现出较强的抗旱性。
In order to establish a simple,efficient and practical drought-resistant identification method for sunflowers and to clarify the differences of drought resistance among sunflower varieties(lines)at different growth stages,19 sunflower varieties(lines)were used as materials.Different PEG-6000 concentrations were used to simulate drought stress at the germination stage,and natural drought treatment was conducted at the seedling stage and the budding stage.Five indexes(germination potential,germination rate,germ length,radicle length,and fresh mass)at the germination stage,six indicators(plant height,stem thickness,leaf area,SPAD value,root-shoot ratio,and leaf relative water content)at the seedling stage,and six indexes(plant height,stem thickness,leaf area,SPAD value,leaf relative water content,and diameter of sunflower dish)at the budding stage were measured and compared,respectively.The drought resistance at the germination stage and seedling stage was comprehensively evaluated by combining the methods of principal component analysis,cluster analysis,comprehensive subordinate function method,and step-by-step analysis,and the drought resistance at the budding stage was evaluated based on the average subordinate function value.The results showed that the relative indexes of germination potential,germination rate,germ length,and fresh mass for all sunflower varieties(lines)decreased with the increase of PEG-6000 concentration at the germination stage,and the overall decrease ranged from 5.57%to 80.11%at different concentrations,while the relative radicle length initially increased 73.50%at low concentrations(12%PEG-6000)and then decreased by 24.66%to 88.19%with increasing concentration.Natural drought stress at the seedling stage inhibited the growth of plant height,stem thickness,and leaf area,and reduced the root-shoot ratio and leaf relative water content by 25.24%,21.57%,43.79%,12.00%,and 24.53%,respectively.However,the SPAD value increased by 21.88%compared with the control.The suitable PEG-6000 concentration and the key observation indexes(relative germination rate,relative germ length,and relative radicle length)for drought-resistance identification of sunflower during the germination stage were determined,as well as the key indexes(relative plant height,relative stem thickness,relative leaf area,and relative root-shoot ratio)for drought-resistance identification under natural drought conditions at the seedling stage,and the drought-resistance identification method of sunflower at the germination stage,seedling stage,and budding stage was established.Using the established method,one strong drought-resistant material(‘NO.67’)at the germination stage and two strong drought-resistant varieties(‘NO.35’and‘Bakui138’)at the seedling stage were screened from 19 sunflower varieties(lines),and it was found that‘NO.35’was drought-resistant in all three periods by combining with the evaluation of drought resistance at the budding stage.
作者
朱梓榕
张欣融
吴佳俊
王平
张玉雪
谭美莲
王玲
汪磊
汪魏
ZHU Zirong;ZHANG Xinrong;WU Jiajun;WANG Ping;ZHANG Yuxue;TAN Meilian;WANG Ling;WANG Lei;WANG Wei(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan,Hubei 430062,China;Crop Research Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750002,China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期11-21,共11页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1600100)
国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-17)
农业农村部农业种质资源普查收集、保护鉴定服务(19221985)。
关键词
向日葵
发芽期
苗期
现蕾期
抗旱性鉴定
sunflower
germination stage
seedling stage
budding stage
drought resistance identification
