摘要
为应对小浪底水库汛期排沙时底部低温水和泥沙突然释放对下游水温和生态系统的影响,基于立面二维CE-QUAL-W2模型构建了小浪底水库水温模型,并利用小浪底水库全库区水温原型观测数据率定了模型关键参数,结合2009—2023年调度规程、水位及流量边界条件,模拟反演了库区2009—2023年水温时空演变特征。结果表明:所建模型对狭长河道型水库的水温动态及水位波动具有良好的模拟能力,能准确反映实际调度中的温度变化特征;水库对下泄水温具有平坦化与时滞效应,水库库区水温呈现显著季节性分层规律,冬季(12至次年2月)水体混合均匀,温跃层消失,春季(3—5月)随太阳辐射增强,温跃层逐步发育扩展,夏季(6—8月)调水调沙引发的高流量紊动破坏分层,水体趋向均匀混合,秋季(9—11月)温跃层厚度快速减小,11月分层完全瓦解;大坝上游近坝区垂向平均水温8月达到峰值,1—2月最低,表底温差最大值出现在5月,最小值出现在11月;调水调沙期水温呈阶段性变化,前期高流量削弱分层,中期水体完全掺混呈同温,后期表层受来流影响显著;水温变化受气象条件、水文过程、水库调度及水体物理特性多因子协同驱动。
To address the impacts of sudden releases of low-temperature bottom water and sediment on downstream water temperature and aquatic ecosystems during flood season sediment flushing of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir,a water temperature model for the reservoir was developed based on the vertical two-dimensional CE-QUAL-W2 model,and the critical parameters of the model were calibrated using prototype water temperature observation data from the reservoir area.Combined with the operational regulations,water level fluctuations,and hydrological boundary conditions from 2009 to 2023,the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of reservoir water temperature over the past 15 years were simulated.The results show that the established model demonstrates strong simulation capabilities for the water temperature dynamics and water level fluctuations in the long and narrow reservoir,and can accurately reflect the thermohydrodynamic process during actual operational scenarios.The reservoir exerts a flattening and time-lag effect on the temperature of discharged water,while the water temperature within the reservoir area exhibits a distinct seasonal stratification pattern.In winter(December to Februar of next year),the water body is well mixed,and the thermocline disappears.In spring(March to May),with increasing solar radiation,the thermocline gradually develops and expands.In summer(June to August),the high-flow turbulence caused by water-sediment regulation disrupts the stratification,leading to the trend toward uniform mixing of the water body.In autumn(September to November),the thickness of thermocline rapidly decreases,and stratification completely dissipates by November.The vertically averaged water temperature near the dam in the upstream area reaches its peak in August and is the lowest in January to February.The maximum difference between surface and bottom water temperatures occurs in May,while the minimum difference is observed in November.During the water-sediment regulation period,the water temperature exhibits phased variations:the high flow rate weakens stratification in the early stage,the water body becomes completely mixed and isothermal in the mid-stage,and the surface temperature is significantly influenced by inflow in the later stage.The water temperature changes are jointly controlled by multiple factors,including meteorological conditions,hydrological processes,reservoir operation,and physical properties of the water body.
作者
孙晓娟
余真真
左其亭
刘佳政
田锦涛
张伟
刘玉倩
Sun Xiaojuan;Yu Zhenzhen;Zuo Qiting;Liu Jiazheng;Tian Jintao;Zhang Wei;Liu Yuqian(College of Water Conservancy and Transportation,Zhengzhou University;Yellow River Water Resources Protection Research Institute;School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University)
出处
《水资源保护》
北大核心
2026年第1期162-172,共11页
Water Resources Protection
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3208605)
河南省重点研发与推广专项(252102320234)
黄委优秀青年人才科技项目(HQK-202320)。
关键词
水沙调控
水温时空演变
水温模拟
CE-QUAL-W2模型
小浪底水库
water-sediment regulation
spatiotemporal evolution of water temperature
water temperature simulation
CE-QUAL-W2 model
the Xiaolangdi Reservoir
