摘要
充分发挥高校在人才和创新方面的本地溢出效应,促进校企间人才链、创新链和产业链深度融合与联动,对于打造对外贸易本地新优势,推进企业出口产品质量升级,实现制造强国、贸易强国建设具有重要意义。本文基于精细尺度的高校和企业地理信息空间匹配数据、全国历史路网明细数据,利用高斯函数和基于密度的空间聚类算法测算高校和企业空间邻近性指标,进而结合中国工业企业数据、中国高校微观数据和中国海关贸易数据,探讨高校本地溢出效应对企业出口产品质量升级的影响机制。结果显示,高校对企业出口产品质量的空间影响具有明显的本地化特征,可通过促进校企间知识外溢、强化人力资本溢出效应显著提升企业出口产品质量。进一步研究发现,高校学科领域与企业主营业务属性越匹配就越有助于充分发挥高校对企业出口产品质量升级的空间外溢效应;本土高校对企业出口产品质量的空间影响效应还具有明显的异质性特征,依赖于企业周边院校特征、企业所在行业要素密集型特征及企业所有制类型等。本文结论表明:充分发挥本土高校空间优势,推动校企联动与合作,是打通人才链创新链向产业链的赋能通道,进而促进企业出口产品质量升级、更好推进对外开放的有效途径。
Fully leveraging the talent and innovation advantages of local universities and promoting the integration and linkage of schools and enterprises are of great significance for promoting the upgrading of export product quality of enterprises,and achieving the construction of a manufacturing and trading power.Based on the mathematical model for analyzing the quality of export products from Fan et al.(2018),this paper incorporates the factor of spatial proximity between enterprises and universities to develop a theoretical model on how local spillovers of universities affect enterprises export product quality.Using fine-scale spatial matching data of geographical information on universities and enterprises,as well as national historical detailed road network data,this paper measures the spatial proximity index between universities and enterprises by applying the Gaussian function.Additionally,this paper explores the mechanism of how the local spillover effects of universities impact the quality upgrading of enterprises'export products,combining with China's Industrial Enterprise Database,microdata of Chinese universities,and China Customs Trade Data.The results show that the spatial impact of universities on enterprises'export product quality demonstrates a distinct localized nature,significantly enhancing enterprises'export product quality through facilitated knowledge and human capital spillovers between universities and enterprises,which remains robust after addressing endogeneity issues and undergoing a series of rigorous robustness tests.Further research reveals that the greater the match between university disciplines and the attributes of enterprises'core business,the more it helps give full play to the spatial spillover effect of universities on the quality upgrading of enterprises'export products.Additionally,the spatial proximity between universities and enterprises not only helps increase the probability of industry-university-research cooperation but also broadens its scope and deepens its level,ultimately fostering collaborative innovation and driving export product quality upgrading.Based on these findings,the paper proposes that regions should plan and establish more university-enterprise industrial clusters to accelerate technological innovation and achievement transformation;promote high-quality development in higher education by optimizing disciplinary structures and cultivating interdisciplinary talents with multidisciplinary expertise,thereby enhancing the talent-supply-demand alignment and employment rates;while encouraging and guiding enterprises to deepen and broaden enterprise-university-research collaboration.The potential marginal contributions of this paper are as follows.This paper integrates the dual mechanisms of university-enterprise collaboration and geographical linkage to examine the driving mechanisms through which local university spillovers promote the quality upgrading of enterprises'export products from the perspective of universityenterprise proximity,thereby providing a new research perspective for building endogenous competitive advantages in China's manufacturing sector for global competition.Based on the mathematical model for analyzing the quality of export products from Fan et al.(2018),this paper incorporates the factor of spatial proximity between enterprises and universities to develop a theoretical model on how local spillovers of universities affect enterprises'export product quality.It provides a new theoretical analytical framework for accuratelyidentifying how the spatial proximity between universities and enterprises promotes the quality upgrading of enterprises'export products by facilitating knowledge spillover between universities and enterprises and strengthening the human capital spillover effect.Using fine-scale spatially matched geographical information data of Chinese universities and industrial enterprises,as well as national historical detailed road network data,this paper measures the spatial proximity index between universities and enterprises by employing the Gaussian function,and constructs indicators for university-enterprise knowledge spillover and human capital spillover effects by combining with the gravity model.It provides a relatively accurate quantitative basis for studying the spatial interactions between universities and enterprises.Existing literature overlooks the matching between university disciplines and enterprise businesses when discussing the role of university-enterprise proximity.This paper measures the moderating effects of such matching and industry-university-research cooperation between universities and enterprises on the local spatial spillover effect of universities,thereby enriching studies related to university-enterprise proximity.
作者
韩峰
乔一周
黄苹
李陈华
HAN Feng;QIAO Yizhou;HUANG Ping;LI Chenhua(Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing,China;Guangdong University of Finance,Guangzhou,China)
出处
《经济学动态》
北大核心
2025年第12期130-148,共19页
Economic Perspectives
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“空间集聚优势与制造业高质量发展研究:理论机制、效应识别与政策优化”(72073071)
国家社会科学基金重点项目“统筹发展和安全视角下‘泛电商’平台秩序治理研究”(23AJY018)。
关键词
高校的本地溢出效应
企业出口产品质量
校企空间邻近性
地理空间大数据
Local Spillover Effects of Universities
Quality of Enterprises’Exported Products
Spatial Proximity of Universities and Enterprises
Geospatial Big Data
