摘要
羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)是我国Ⅰ类重点保护大型食草动物,主要栖息于高山及高山峡谷,中国为其最大分布区(含4种),相关研究集中于此。本文系统梳理20世纪80年代以来羚牛研究成果:地理分布上,羚牛集中于秦岭、岷山、高黎贡山等区域,种群数量呈增长趋势(如秦岭羚牛从2004年约5500头增至目前约6500头);栖息地选择受季节与食物影响,海拔、郁闭度有显著季节差异,且避让人类活动区;繁殖采取“多配多”策略,雄性迁移可减少近亲繁殖、促进基因交流;集群分家群、混合群等5类,能提升觅食效率与幼仔保护能力;分子生物学研究从早期生化标记到高通量基因组学,厘清其分类(归入羊亚科,近山羊)、种群演化(更新世冰期后分化)及遗传多样性(秦岭羚牛最低,受栖息地破碎化影响显著)。虽羚牛种群整体增长,但仍面临栖息地丧失、人类活动干扰等威胁,未来需聚焦种群动态监测、基因交流机制解析及保护对策优化,以保障其种群长期稳定与生态恢复。
The takin(Budorcas taxicolor)is a large herbivore classified as a Class Ⅰ protected species in China,primarily inhabiting alpine and mountainous valley regions.China encompasses all four species of takin,representing the largest distribution area for this species;consequently,research on takins has predominantly been conducted within the country.This paper reviews and synthesizes research literature on takins from the 1980s onward,addressing key aspects such as geographical distribution and population size,habitat selection,dietary habits,reproductive ecology,herd behavior,and molecular biology studies.Although takin populations have exhibited an increasing trend,they continue to face significant threats from habitat loss and human disturbances.Future research should prioritize monitoring population dynamics,elucidating gene flow mechanisms,and optimizing conservation strategies to ensure the long-term stability and ecological recovery of takin populations.
作者
冯慧
曹芳君
王璐
FENG Hui;CAO Fang-jun;WANG Lu(Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi'an,Shaanxi710032)
出处
《陕西林业科技》
2026年第1期100-104,共5页
Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32000353),陕西省科学院科技计划项目(2021k-6)。
关键词
羚牛
地理分布
分子学研究
Budorcas taxicolor
geographical distribution
molecular research
