摘要
情绪体味(emotional body odors)是由情绪唤起时交感神经系统激活外分泌腺分泌的物质,经皮肤微生物分解后产生的挥发性化合物。这些化合物以化学信号的形式编码并传递情绪信息。当个体嗅到情绪体味时,通常可诱发相似的情绪状态,实现嗅觉情绪交流,但其作用机制与生物学意义却不清晰。研究发现消极情绪体味改变接收者的生理唤醒、认知偏向和行为反应,介导不同的防御性功能;积极情绪体味促进情绪感染和社交联结,增强生理适应性和认知功能。两者共同构成生物进化中“防御-联结”的双向调控体系,提高社会生存适应性。为明确情绪体味调控功能在群体进化中的意义,本文提出“交际化学演化假说”,通过解构情绪体味从化学线索(代谢副产物化)、化学信号(社会适应工具)到信息素(进化稳定策略)的功能层级跃迁,为人类情绪体味的生物学意义提供了时间维度与选择机制的解释框架。未来研究可以采用社会交互实验范式、双生子研究和虚拟现实技术,结合高级化学分析技术进一步揭示情绪体味的社交功能和生物学意义,为情绪障碍患者的情绪识别和表达缺陷提供嗅觉干预新靶点。
Emotional body odors(EBOs)are volatile organic compounds that arise when exocrine glands activated by the sympathetic nervous system secrete body fluids,which skin microbes then metabolize into volatile molecules.These molecules encode emotional information as chemical signals.When perceived,EBOs commonly elicit similar affective states in receivers,supporting olfactory emotional communication;however,their mechanisms and biological significance remain unclear.Evidence indicates that negative EBOs(for example,fear,anger,anxiety)recruit threat-defense systems in receivers,altering autonomic arousal,attentional bias,and defensive behavior.By contrast,positive EBOs promote emotional contagion and social bonding and can enhance physiological regulation and some cognitive functions.Together,these effects point to a bidirectional defense–bonding regulatory system that may increase social survival fitness.To clarify the evolutionary significance of these regulatory functions,this paper proposes the“communicative chemical evolution hypothesis.”The hypothesis describes a functional continuum from chemical cues(metabolic by-products),to chemical signals(socially exploited cues),and ultimately to pheromones(evolutionarily stabilized signals),and it highlights relevant temporal dynamics and selective mechanisms.Future work should combine multi-person social-interaction paradigms,twin designs,virtual reality,and high-resolution chemical analyses to test this framework.Such research may reveal olfactory intervention targets for disorders characterized by impaired emotion recognition or expression.
作者
周兴攀
刘沛菡
吴奇
雷怡
ZHOU Xingpan;LIU Peihan;WU Qi;LEI Yi(Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
北大核心
2026年第2期299-312,共14页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271142)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(21JZD063)资助。
关键词
情绪体味
情绪交流
嗅觉
信息素
化学交流
emotional body odor
emotional communication
olfaction
pheromones
chemical communication
