摘要
大量研究表明,音乐聆听既可能提高也可能损害个体的任务表现,研究者围绕情绪体验与认知资源调控等路径提出了多种理论假说,但在作用机制的解释上仍存在显著分歧。本文在梳理既有研究与理论的基础上,提出了一个关于音乐聆听调节认知加工的整合解释路径。该框架的核心假设包括:注意系统是音乐影响认知加工的关键认知枢纽;先导音乐与背景音乐均可作用于大脑注意网络中的警觉、定向和执行控制等三个子网络,其中对执行控制的调节作用方向可能存在差异;此外,情绪唤醒度与认知负荷量等因素可进一步调节音乐聆听效应的表现方向与程度。从认知神经科学的注意网络理论出发重新审视音乐聆听效应,不仅有助于整合并调和现有机制解释的冲突,也可为临床干预、教育场景中的音乐应用,以及智能声学环境的设计提供机制指导与理论支持。
A growing body of research indicates that music listening can both enhance and impair individuals'task performance.Various theoretical hypotheses have been proposed,primarily emphasizing mechanisms related to emotional experience and cognitive resource regulation,yet major disagreements remain regarding how these effects occur.Based on a comprehensive review of existing findings and frameworks,this article proposes an integrative explanatory model for how music listening modulates cognitive processing.Central to this framework is the assumption that the attention system functions as a key cognitive hub through which music exerts its influence.Both advance(pre-task)and background music are assumed to impact the three core sub-networks of attention—alerting,orienting,and executive control—with potentially divergent effects on executive control.Furthermore,individual state factors such as optimal arousal level and optimal cognitive load are proposed to modulate both the direction and magnitude of music listening effects.Revisiting music listening through the lens of attention network theory may help reconcile prior theoretical contradictions and offer mechanism-based guidance for applications in clinical intervention,educational settings,and intelligent acoustic environment design.
作者
孙逸梵
贺琴
张畅
陈宁
SUN Yifan;HE Qin;ZHANG Chang;CHEN Ning(School of Psychology,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
北大核心
2026年第2期283-298,共16页
Advances in Psychological Science
关键词
音乐聆听效应
注意网络理论
背景音乐
先导音乐
情绪体验
music listening
attentional network
background music
advance music
emotional experience
