摘要
近年来,美国在政治、经济、军事、外交等领域采取诸多措施,试图重振造船业。重振造船业是中美战略博弈加剧的背景下,美国从军事安全、经济安全、本体安全三重国家安全逻辑出发,为缓解安全焦虑、财富焦虑、地位焦虑所采取的行动。美国战略界认为,作为国防工业、制造业、海事产业三者的交集,复兴造船业可在军事领域加强威慑、应对冲突,在经济领域维护供应链韧性、创造就业机会,并有助于恢复美国在海事领域的主导地位。但是,美国重振造船业面临多重现实阻力,如成本高企、供应链脆弱、劳动力匮乏等普遍存在于制造业的痼疾,保护主义法规抑制竞争,既得利益集团反对变革,内部存在优先方向分歧等。基于美国对华遏压的战略考量,打压中国造船业将不可避免成为美国复兴造船业的政策重心,中国应做好应对准备。
In recent years,the US has adopted a wide range of measures in the political,economic,military,and diplomatic domains to revitalize the shipbuilding industry.Against the backdrop of intensifying US strategic competition with China,the push to revive American shipbuilding reflects Washington’s response to mounting security anxiety,wealth anxiety,and status anxiety,grounded in a tripartite national security rationale encompassing military security,economic security,and ontological security.Within the US strategic community,shipbuilding is widely regarded as the intersection of the defense industrial base,the manufacturing sector,and the maritime industry.Revitalizing shipbuilding is therefore expected to strengthen deterrence and enhance conflict preparedness in the military realm,bolster supply chain resilience and generate employment in the economic sphere,and help restore US dominance in maritime affairs.However,the US efforts to revive shipbuilding face multiple practical constraints,including persistently high costs,fragile supply chains,labor shortages,and other structural maladies common to the manufacturing sector.Additional obstacles include protectionist regulations that suppress competition,resistance to reform from vested interest groups,as well as internal disputes over the priorities.Driven by an overarching strategic imperative to contain and suppress China,curbing China’s shipbuilding industry is likely to remain the focus of US efforts to revitalize its own shipbuilding sector,for which China should be well prepared.
出处
《国际问题研究》
北大核心
2025年第6期65-85,158,159,共23页
International Studies
