摘要
目的考虑到实际运行环境下除冰涂层的使用寿命,对一种弹性除冰涂层的老化特性和耐久性进行试验验证。方法在酸碱性和温度交变条件下研究涂层的性能变化;通过实验室小风机试验台研究风蚀对除冰涂层强度的影响;在某风电场真实环境条件下分析涂层的老化特性,并搭建小风机试验台验证真实环境条件下老化77 d后弹性除冰涂层的除冰效果。结果酸碱盐溶液、温度交变、风蚀、自然老化等因素下弹性除冰涂层的性能一开始逐渐下降,后期趋于稳定,老化后涂层的接触角、冰黏附强度等性能参数仍优于无涂层叶片。在pH值为3~11的酸碱盐溶液浸泡96 h后,涂层的接触角下降5%~7%;在℃−18和25℃条件下循环20次后,涂层的性能趋于稳定,冰黏附强度约为36.26 kPa;涂层在随试验小风机高速运转(90~180 r/min)120 d情况下,未发生破损,具有抗风蚀能力;在真实环境下老化62 d后,涂层表面逐渐出现颗粒物,向阳面和背阴面接触角分别下降6.48%、6.04%,冰黏附强度分别为无涂层叶片的17.73%、15.88%,说明涂层具有抗紫外光照的特性;涂层在实际环境条件下随叶片运行77 d后,老化的涂层仍具有明显的除冰效果。结论弹性除冰涂层具有耐腐蚀性、耐温度变化、抗风蚀、抗紫外辐射的优点,在一个结冰期内具有明显的防除冰效果。
Ice accretion on wind turbine blades in cold regions is a critical factor that significantly reduces power generation efficiency and shortens equipment lifespan,whereas the application of de-icing coatings provides an effective solution to this challenge.To evaluate the service life of de-icing coatings under actual operating conditions,the aging characteristics and durability of an elastic de-icing coating were experimentally investigated.Corrosion resistance was assessed through contact angle measurements,ice adhesion strength tests and scanning electron microscopy after immersion in HCl,NaCl,and NaOH solutions with varying pH values.Changes in ice adhesion strength and elasticity were examined under alternating temperatures of−18℃and 25℃.The effect of wind erosion on coating integrity was analyzed with a laboratory-scale wind turbine test rig.Additionally,elastic de-icing coatings were applied to the sun-facing and shaded surfaces of static wind turbine blades at a wind farm to study their aging behavior under natural environmental conditions.Its aging characteristics were characterized through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),contact angle measurements,and ice adhesion strength tests.A small wind turbine test rig was also installed at the site,with coatings applied prior to the icing season.During operation at rotational speeds of 90-180 r/min,the coated blades were exposed to the environment for 77 days before entering the icing period,after which de-icing performance was tested.The results demonstrated that under acidic,alkaline,and saline immersion,temperature cycling,wind erosion,natural aging,and simulated operational conditions,the performance of the coating initially declined gradually,stabilized after reaching a threshold,and remained consistent over time.Even after aging,key parameters such as contact angle and ice adhesion strength remained superior to those of uncoated blades.Specifically,immersion in HCl(pH 3 and 5),NaCl,and NaOH(pH 9 and 11)solutions for 96 hours resulted in surface roughening due to corrosion.This process compromised the molecular structure of the coating surface,leading to increased ice adhesion strength and a 5%-7%reduction in contact angle.Under temperature cycling between−18℃and 25℃,coating elasticity was initially affected but stabilized after 20 cycles,with an average ice adhesion strength of approximately 36.26 kPa.After 120 days of high-speed rotation(90-180 r/min)on the test turbine,the coating surface accumulated dust particles but remained undamaged,indicating strong resistance to wind erosion.During field exposure,after 62 days of natural aging,particulate deposits gradually appeared on the coating surface.Contact angles on the sun-facing and shaded sides decreased by 6.48%and 6.04%,respectively,while ice adhesion strengths decreased to only 17.73%and 15.88%of those on uncoated blades.The comparable performance decline between sunlit and shaded surfaces highlighted the effective ultraviolet resistance of the coating.After 77 days of blade operation under real environmental conditions,the aged coating continued to demonstrate a pronounced de-icing effect.In conclusion,the elastic de-icing coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance,stability under temperature cycling,strong wind erosion resistance,and robust UV resistance,while maintaining significant anti-icing and de-icing performance throughout an entire icing season.
作者
李宁波
杨艳民
金崇会
李亿
薛志亮
周永刚
LI Ningbo;YANG Yanmin;JIN Chonghui;LI Yi;XUE Zhiliang;ZHOU Yonggang(Guodian Ningbo Wind Power Development Co.LTD,Zhejiang Ningbo 315000,China;State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)
出处
《表面技术》
北大核心
2026年第2期233-241,共9页
Surface Technology
基金
浙江省自然科学基金联合基金(BMHZ25E060001)。
关键词
风力机
叶片结冰
弹性除冰涂层
除冰
酸碱盐试验
老化试验
wind turbine
blade icing
elastic de-icing coating
de-icing
acidic,alkaline,and saline experiments
aging test
