摘要
目的分析某三级综合医院医务人员流感疫苗接种意愿与实际接种行为,为提升医务人员接种率提供分层干预依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2025年3月通过问卷星对医务人员开展调查,分别以“是否愿意接种”和“实际是否接种”为因变量,将参与调研的医务人员划分为意愿组/非意愿组、接种组/未接种组。采用卡方检验和logistic回归分析不同维度的影响因素。结果共发放问卷720份,回收有效问卷708份,有效率98.3%。接种意愿率(80.1%)高于实际接种率(45.9%)(χ2=72.65,P<0.01)。意愿组流感知识得分更高[(76.9±9.3)分VS(67.8±12.5)分,P<0.001],促进因素为既往流感疫苗接种史(OR=4.33,95%CI:2.85~6.56,P<0.001)和流感疫苗认知水平高(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.06~1.10,P<0.001)。实际接种行为受多种因素影响:年龄越大(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.01~1.07,P=0.020)、医技系列(OR=3.94,95%CI:1.68~9.25,P=0.002)、管理人员(OR=14.97,95%CI:1.16~193.76,P=0.038)、高级职称人员(OR=4.69,95%CI:1.42~15.55,P=0.011)、重点科室(OR=1.71,95%CI:1.08~2.72,P=0.023)、既往接种史(OR=12.21,95%CI:7.97~18.70)、认知得分高(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.04)接种率更高。结论医务人员流感疫苗接种意愿主要由内在认知和既往经验驱动,而实际接种行为则进一步受到职业结构特征与外部环境因素的综合影响,意愿与行为之间存在明显差距。医疗机构应针对医务人员认知提升优化宣教策略,多措并举破除行为转化障碍,以提高接种率,降低医院内流感传播风险。
Objective To analyze the willingness and actual behavior to influenza vaccination among healthcare workers(HCWs)in a tertiary general hospital,and provide a stratified intervention basis for improving the vaccination rate of HCWs.Methods In March 2025,a cross-sectional survey among HCWs was conducted through the“Questionnaire Star”.The survey participants were divided into willing/unwilling group and vaccinated/unvaccinated group,with“willingness to vaccination”and“actual vaccination”as dependent variables.The influencing factors of different dimensions were analyzed byχ2-test and logistic regression.Results A total of 720 questionnaires were distributed,and 708 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 98.3%.The vaccination willingness rate(80.1%)was higher than the actual vaccination rate(45.9%)(χ2=72.65,P<0.01).The willingness group scored higher in influenza knowledge([76.9±9.3]points vs[67.8±12.5]points,P<0.001).Previous influenza vaccination history(OR=4.33,95%CI:2.85-6.56,P<0.001)and influenza vaccine high awareness level(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.06-1.10,P<0.001)were the promoting factors.The actual vaccination behavior was influenced by multiple factors.Older age(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.01-1.07,P=0.020),medical technology series(OR=3.94,95%CI:1.68-9.25,P=0.002),management personnel(OR=14.97,95%CI:1.16-193.76,P=0.038),personnel with senior professional title(OR=4.69,95%CI:1.42-15.55,P=0.011),key departments(OR=1.71,95%CI:1.08-2.72,P=0.023),previous vaccination history(OR=12.21,95%CI:7.97-18.70),and high score of awareness level(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01-1.04)had higher vaccination rates.Conclusion The willingness of HCWs to influenza vaccination is mainly driven by their internal cognition and previous experience,while their actual vaccination behavior is further influenced by the combination of occupational structure characteristics and external environmental factors,resulting in a significant gap between willingness and behavior.Medical institutions should optimize their education strategies for improving the awareness of HCWs,take multiple measures to eliminate barriers to behavior transformation,so as to increase vaccination rate and reduce the risk of influenza transmission within hospitals.
作者
周妮
刘星
李柯柯
赵盈
陶颖
马俊
刘跃平
ZHOU Ni;LIU Xing;LI Keke;ZHAO Ying;TAO Ying;MA Jun;LIU Yueping(Department of Disease Control and Prevention,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan 430000,China;Department of Health Evaluation,Wuhan Special Service Recuperation Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces,Wuhan 430000,China;Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan 430000,China;Department of Infectious Diseases,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan 430000,China;Department of Orthopedics,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan 430000,China)
出处
《中国感染控制杂志》
北大核心
2026年第1期76-83,共8页
Chinese Journal of Infection Control
基金
湖北省重点实验室开放项目(ZZYKF202405)。
关键词
流感疫苗
医务人员
接种意愿
影响因素
influenza vaccine
healthcare worker
willingness to vaccination
influencing factor
