摘要
表面活性剂能够显著改变溶液的表面张力和界面性质,在调控土壤水分运移方面提供了潜在应用价值。为研究不同类型表面活性剂类土壤改良剂对盐碱地毛管上升水的抑制效应,开展室内模拟试验。首先通过毛细管吸水试验,分别配制质量浓度为0、5、10、15 g∙L^(-1)的NaCl、CaCl_(2)、MgCl_(2)、Na_(2)SO_(4)盐溶液,分别添加4种表面活性剂:烷基糖苷(APG)、十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)、类脂(LIP)、木质素磺酸钠(SL),共16个处理,测定分析表面活性剂在不同质量浓度盐溶液中的稳定性及其对毛管水上升的抑制效果,并通过土柱试验,研究4种表面活性剂对不同盐分质量浓度毛管水上升的抑制规律。结果表明:①随着盐分质量浓度的增加,4种表面活性剂盐溶液的透光率均有不同程度的降低,4种表面活性剂在CaCl_(2)和MgCl_(2)溶液中透光率的降低较显著。其中,APG在4种盐溶液的透光率较高,在90.94%~97.54%之间;SL在4种盐溶液的透光率较低,在44.87%~57.94%之间;②在毛管水上升试验中,4种表面活性剂均表现出对毛管水上升的抑制作用,BS-12在质量浓度为0~15 g∙L^(-1)的不同盐溶液下抑制效果最明显,抑制率在21.65%~33.54%之间;其次是APG,抑制率在9.23%~19.40%之间;LIP的抑制率在7.07%~18.35%之间;SL的抑制效果较低,抑制率在2.20%~8.54%之间。③在土柱试验中,表面活性剂处理均显著降低了土壤的湿润峰高度,抑制毛管水的上升,4种表面活性剂的抑制率由高到低依次为BS-12、APG、LIP、SL,抑制率分别为27.16%、21.96%、18.39%、14.01%。综合看,BS-12处理对毛管水上升的抑制作用最显著,在盐碱地改良中具有一定的利用潜力。
Surfactants can significantly modify the surface tension and interfacial properties of solutions,presenting potential appli⁃cations in regulating soil water movement.This study investigates the effects of various surfactant-based soil amendments on the inhibition of capillary rise water in saline-alkali soils.Indoor simulation experiments were conducted,wherein capillary water absorp⁃tion tests were performed using salt solutions of NaCL,CaCl_(2),MgCl_(2),and Na_(2)SO_(4)at concentrations of 0,5,10,and 15 g∙L^(-1).Four surfactants were added:alkyl polyglycoside(APG),dodecyl dimethyl betaine(BS-12),lipid(LIP),and sodium lignosulfo⁃nate(SL),resulting in a total of 16 treatments.The stability of the surfactants in different concentrations and types of salt solutions and their inhibitory effects on capillary water rise were measured and analyzed.Additionally,soil column experiments were con⁃ducted to assess the inhibitory patterns of the surfactants on capillary rise in soils with different salt contents.The results show that:①As salt content increases,the transmittance of the surfactant solutions decreases to varying extents,with a more pronounced reduction observed in CaCl_(2)and MgCl_(2)solutions.Among the surfactants,APG exhibits relatively high transmittance(90.94%~97.54%),while SL shows lower transmittance(44.87%~57.94%).②In the capillary water rise experiments,all surfactants show inhibitory effects on capillary water rise,with BS-12 showing the most significant inhibition across various salt concentrations(0~15 g∙L^(-1)),achieving an inhibition rate of 21.65%~33.54%.APG follows with an inhibition rate of 9.23%~19.40%,LIP exhibits a rate of 7.07%~18.35%,and SL has the lowest inhibition effect(2.20%~8.54%).③In the soil column experiments,surfactant treatments significantly reduce the height of the soil wetting front and inhibit capillary water rise,with inhibition rates ranking as BS-12,APG,LIP,SL,with inhibition rates of 27.16%,21.96%,18.39%,and 14.01%,respectively.Overall,the BS-12 treat⁃ment demonstrates the most substantial inhibitory effect on capillary water rise,indicating its potential for improving saline-alkali soils.
作者
杨添吉
韩建均
郑天存
胡灿民
贺凯强
朱海
YANG Tianji;HAN Jianjun;ZHENG Tiancun;HU Canmin;HE Kaiqiang;ZHU Hai(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,China;Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou),Tsinghua,Suzhou 215163,China)
出处
《农业科学研究(中英文)》
2025年第4期38-46,共9页
Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42207414)
湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF202115)。
关键词
表面活性剂
盐碱地
毛管上升水
土柱试验
抑制率
surfactant
saline-alkali soil
capillary rise water
soil column experiment
inhibition rate
