摘要
针对危险废物焚烧飞灰熔融温度高、能耗大及玻璃化效果差的问题,提出基于无机添加剂协同配伍的熔融玻璃化工艺优化与产物调控方法。设计了废玻璃、硅砂和生物质灰3种低成本原料的添加量,结合熔点分析、FactSage热力学平衡计算和高温熔融实验,探究CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-Na_(2)O四元体系在不同碱度(1.0~1.5)、CaO质量分数(25%~35%)条件下的熔融特性、液相区演化及非晶化行为,采用X射线衍射光谱法和密度测试来评价熔融产物特性。研究结果表明:向飞灰中引入50%质量分数的硅砂可将熔融产物的熔融起始温度降至1190℃,较未添加时降低超过110℃,产物非晶相比例达95%,密度提升10%~20%,质量损失率由62%降至38%;优化的配伍体系形成了致密玻璃网络结构,能够有效固定重金属,产物中Pb、Zn、Cd等重金属浸出质量浓度远低于GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》限值;推荐添加50%质量分数的硅砂,该方案可在显著降低熔融温度和能耗的同时,实现重金属稳定化与高效资源化利用。研究可为焚烧飞灰安全脱毒和低碳利用提供技术参考。
To address the issues of high melting temperature,high energy consumption,and poor vitrification performance in the melting treatment of hazardous waste incineration fly ash,an optimization method for the vitrification process and product control based on synergistic formulation with inorganic additives is proposed.The addition amounts of three low-cost raw materials—waste glass,silica sand,and biomass ash—were designed.Using melting point analysis,FactSage thermodynamic equilibrium calculations,and high-temperature melting experiments,the melting characteristics,liquid phase evolution,and amorphization behavior of the CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-Na_(2)O quaternary system under different basicity(1.0—1.5)and CaO mass fraction(25%—35%)conditions were investigated.X-ray diffraction and density measurements were employed to evaluate the characteristics of the molten products.The results show that adding 50%mass fraction of silica sand to fly ash reduces the initial melting temperature of the product to 1190℃,which is more than 110℃lower than without addition.The amorphous phase proportion reaches 95%,density increases by 10%—20%,and mass loss rate decreases from 62%to 38%.The optimized formulation system forms a dense glass network structure that effectively immobilizes heavy metals;the leaching mass concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb,Zn,and Cd in the products are far below the limits specified in Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes-Identification for Extraction Toxicity(GB 5085.3—2007).The addition of 50%mass fraction silica sand is recommended,as this formula significantly reduces melting temperature and energy consumption while achieving heavy metal stabilization and efficient resource utilization.The study provides a technical reference for safe detoxification and low-carbon utilization of incineration fly ash.
作者
张雷
马泽轩
田红
褚志强
陈泉印
李爱民
ZHANG Lei;MA Zexuan;TIAN Hong;CHU Zhiqiang;CHEN Quanyin;LI Aimin(School of Environmental Science and Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,Liaoning 116024,China;Fuxin Huanfa Waste Disposal Co.,Ltd.,Fuxin,Liaoning 123102,China)
出处
《西安交通大学学报》
北大核心
2026年第2期147-155,共9页
Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University
基金
辽宁省“揭榜挂帅”科技(2023JH1/10400007)
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1903903)。
关键词
焚烧飞灰
熔融
废玻璃
生物质灰
硅砂
玻璃化
hazardous waste incineration fly ash
co-melting
waste glass
biomass ash
silica sand
vitrification
