摘要
退休准备教育对于帮助临退休人员更好地适应退休生活,积极应对人口老龄化带来的养老供给滞后、劳动力减少等社会问题具有重要意义。美国退休准备教育从20世纪30年代开始酝酿并于40年代出现以来,经历了三个阶段:20世纪30—50年代为酝酿及产生阶段,《社会保障法》的颁布成为美国退休准备教育产生的直接动因,众多社会组织开始参与退休准备教育;20世纪60—80年代为普及阶段,《美国老年人法》将退休准备教育纳入公共支持体系,政府投入逐步加大,推动美国退休准备教育走向普及化;20世纪90年代至今为成熟阶段,《国家信息基础设施:行动计划》的出台推动美国退休准备教育向信息化转型,并不断走向成熟。近百年来,美国退休准备教育逐渐形成了以非营利组织、高校与企业为实施主体,以财务准备、退休职业生涯规划、社会保障福利、医疗保健和数字技能为教育内容,以线上与线下结合为教学形式的实施模式。尽管美国退休准备教育在提高临退休人员的综合素养、促进其社会参与等方面起到了积极作用,但也存在着参与度降低、课程对非经济维度的关注不足等问题,他国在开展退休准备教育时应予以警惕。
Pre-retirement education plays a vital role in helping pre-retirees better adapt to post-retirement life and proactively address societal challenges arising from population aging,such as lagging pension provision and labor force reduction.Emerging in the 1930s and taking shape in the 1940s,pre-retirement education in the United States has evolved through three distinct phases.The 1930s to 1950s constituted the incubation and emergence phase;The enactment of the Social Security Act served as the direct catalyst for the development of pre-retirement education in the U.S.,prompting numerous social organizations to engage in this field.The 1960s to 1980s marked the popularization phase;The Older Americans Act integrated pre-retirement education into the public support system,with a gradual increase in government investment,propelling its widespread adoption.The 1990s to present constitute the maturation phase;The release of the National Information Infrastructure:Agenda for Action drove the transformation of U.S.pre-retirement education toward digitalization,continuously advancing its maturation.Over the past century,U.S.pre-retirement education has gradually developed an implementation model centered on non-profit organizations,universities and corporations as primary providers.Its educational content focuses on financial readiness,retirement career planning,social security benefits,healthcare and digital skills,delivered through blended online and offline teaching mode.While U.S.pre-retirement education has positively impacted pre-retirees’overall competence and social engagement,challenges persist,including declining participation rates and insufficient attention to non-economic dimensions.Other nations should be mindful of these issues when developing their own pre-retirement education programs.
作者
邵晓枫
李佳棋
SHAO Xiaofeng;LI Jiaqi
出处
《现代远程教育研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期83-90,共8页
Modern Distance Education Research
基金
2025年度全国教育科学规划西部项目“中国老年教育45年流变与新形态重塑(1983—2028)”(XJA250366)。
关键词
退休准备教育
美国
人口老龄化
临退休人员
老年教育
Pre-Retirement Education
The United States
Population Aging
Pre-Retirees
Elderly Education
