摘要
《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉婚姻家庭编的解释(二)》(法释[2025]1号)第7条第1款的特色是叠加悖俗无效和无权处分两种路径,并行规制婚外无偿赠与和不合理低价的有偿处分两种情形。这一规范更新在体系上会直接限制不应知处分人已婚之善意相对人针对处分人的权利。在法政策上,认定婚外不合理低价处分的合同悖俗无效固然有价值宣示意义,但善意相对人并无通过法律行为换取维持婚外不伦关系的目的,至少在相对人和处分人之间还是应兼顾善意相对人的保护。落实到法技术上,应借助诚实信用原则软化无效效果对善意相对人的误伤,肯认其履行利益赔偿请求权。对于法释[2025]1号第7条第1款文义未覆盖的婚外合理对价处分、婚外出租夫妻共同财产情形,在适用《民法典》第153条第2款时,则应区分相对人的善意或恶意区别评价合同效力。
Paragraph 1,Article 7 of the Interpretation(Ⅱ)of the Marriage and Family Book of the Civil Code(Interpretation No.1[2025]of the Supreme People's Court)is characterized by superimposing two regulatory approaches("invalidity due to violation of public order and good customs"and"unauthorized disposition"),which concurrently govern two scenarios(gratuitous gifts and paid dispositions at unreasonable low prices).This normative update systematically imposes direct restrictions on the rights of bona fide third parties who are unaware of the disposer's marital status against the disposer.From a legal policy perspective,while deeming contracts for extra-marital dispositions at unreasonable low prices invalid due to violation of public order and good customs carries significant value-declaring significance,bona fide third parties typically do not enter into legal acts with the purpose of maintaining extra-marital illicit relationships.Therefore,at least in the relationship between the third party and the disposer,the protection of bona fide third parties should be balanced.In terms of legal technique,the principle of good faith should be employed to mitigate the harsh effects of invalidity on bona fide third parties and to recognize their right to claim compensation for performance interests.For situations not covered by the literal meaning of Paragraph 1,Article 7—such as extra-marital dispositions at reasonable prices and the leasing of joint marital property in extra-marital contexts—the validity of the contract should be evaluated by distinguishing between the good faith and bad faith of the third party when applying Paragraph 2,Article 153 of the Civil Code.
出处
《法学》
北大核心
2025年第12期104-120,共17页
Law Science
基金
2025年国家社科基金重点项目“面向体系与实践的中国民法方法论研究”(25AFX013)的阶段性成果。
关键词
婚外不伦关系
夫妻共同财产
公序良俗
无权处分
不合理低价
extra-marital illicit relationships
joint marital property
public order and good customs
unauthorized disposition
unreasonable low prices
