摘要
与西方社会学传统对“社会”分置两端、彼此对立的二元理解路径不同,中国社会学人立足于本土文化自性与现代化实践反思“社会”的自我表达,即用“关系”诠释“社会”,突出个人与社会难分难解的整合关系;将人本身置于“社会”概念的中心位置,用义利、道术、理欲的中和之道来协调经济与社会的对立关系;“家”这一推己及人的基本单位模糊了公与私、国家与社会、制度与生活的界限,“社会”更多体现为一种“扩大的家”。上述关系取向、人本取向、家庭化取向构成了中国社会学的理论自觉和自主知识体系构建的三个维度,也贯穿于现代社会转型与建设的漫漫征途。从个体化到公共性的社会联结机制建构,从阶层分化到共同富裕的经济社会协调发展,在社会流动中再造家国关系的共同体,成为改革开放话语叙事的重要组成部分。这就需要从效率与公平、活力与秩序、发展与安全的关系出发,夯实我国社会学本土知识生产的逻辑基础。
This paper compares different conceptualizations of“society,”a foundational concept in sociology,between Chinese and Western sociological knowledge systems,thereby offering insights for the construction of an independent Chinese sociological knowledge system.In mainstream Western sociological thought,“society”is typically understood as a specialized domain independent from the individual,economy,and state.Unlike this oppositional binary logic,many Chinese sociologists have explored indigenous expressions of“society”by drawing on local culture and Chinese modernization practices.In doing so,they offer a distinctively Chinese understanding of the term.First,Chinese sociology interprets“society”through the concept of“guanxi,”highlighting the deeply integrated and inseparable relationship between individual and society.Rather than treating them as separate or conflicting entities,this perspective emphasizes their interdependence.Second,Chinese sociologists place people at the center of“society.”They attempt to reconcile the seemingly opposing relationship between economy and society by applying principles from traditional Chinese culture—namely,“yi”and“li,”“dao”and“shu,”“li”and“yu.”This approach emphasizes the importance of judging others by oneself and considering moral factors while pursuing material benefits,thereby contributing to the establishment of a more harmonious and orderly social order.Third,another defining feature is that the family,as a basic unit for judging others by oneself,blurs the boundaries between public and private,state and society.Within this framework,society is interpreted as an“expanded family”rather than an abstract or atomized collectivity.This reflects a relational and communitarian understanding of society,where affective ties and ethical responsibilities play a central role.These three characteristics constitute the core dimensions of the independent knowledge system of Chinese sociology.They are not merely abstract theoretical concepts but have been integrated throughout the long journey of modern social transformation and construction.Since the launch of reform and opening-up in 1978,this unique conception of“society”has influenced many aspects of Chinese sociological research and social policy changes,including the construction of social connection mechanisms from individualization to publicness,the pursuit of coordinated economic and social development from class differentiation to common prosperity,and the reconstruction of family-state relationships within social mobility.To expand the“social”dimension of the Chinese sociological independent knowledge system,we must explore the shared nature of social outcomes through balancing efficiency and fairness,cultivate the symbiotic nature of social participation through balancing vitality and order,and construct the co-creative nature of social values through balancing development and security.These principles will help strengthen the logical foundation of independent Chinese knowledge production.
作者
刘威
张丹
Liu Wei;Zhang Dan(Institute of Northeast China and Northeast Asian Studies,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,P.R.China;School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,P.R.China)
出处
《山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2026年第1期57-68,共12页
Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
吉林大学社会工作创新发展专项研究课题“基层治理现代化背景下社工服务与志愿服务的协同发展路径研究”(2025SW0302)
吉林省教育厅人文社科研究项目“吉林省数字赋能城乡融合发展的机制与路径研究”(JJKH20250020SK)
国家社科基金项目“网络问责中慈善组织‘透明悖论’及信息信任机制研究”(22BSH142)。
关键词
中国社会学
社会之维
自主知识体系
中国式现代化
Chinese sociology
The“social”dimension
Independent knowledge system
Chinese modernization
