摘要
玉竹是一种重要的药食同源的中药材。传统的无性繁殖方式存在出苗慢、繁殖系数低、连作障碍及种苗退化等问题,且组织培养再生困难,制约了玉竹的遗传改良与产业化发展。为了建立高效、稳定的愈伤组织诱导与增殖体系,本研究以玉竹根尖为外植体,设置不同的消毒处理和培养基配制方案,以筛选根状茎消毒、愈伤组织诱导与增殖的最佳条件。结果表明:根状茎的最佳消毒方式为75%乙醇处理80 s结合0.1%升汞溶液处理40 min,其污染率可降至47%,且外植体活力良好。以含1.0 mg/L NAA的MS培养基为生根培养基,根状茎暗培养16 d可获得数量最多、长度最长的新根。愈伤组织诱导培养基的最佳激素配比为1.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L 6-BA,其根尖脱分化16 d的诱导率可达93.52%。愈伤组织增殖阶段,以含0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+2.0 mg/L 6-BA的培养基效果最优,暗培养50 d的增殖系数为11.52,愈伤组织呈淡黄色的致密瘤状,分化能力强;而高质量浓度的2,4-D则会抑制增殖并引起褐化。本研究建立了以根尖为外植体的高效玉竹愈伤组织诱导与增殖体系,具有诱导率高、周期短、增殖效果好且脱毒潜力大的优势。研究结果可为玉竹的组培脱毒快繁、种质资源保存与遗传转化等研究提供技术支撑,对推动其产业化应用具有重要意义。
Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.)Druce is a significant medicinal and edible herb.Traditional asexual propagation methods face challenges including slow sprouting,low propagation rates,continuous cropping obstacles,and cultivar degradation.The difficulty of in vitro regeneration further restricts its genetic improvement and industrial application.To establish an efficient and stable system for callus induction and proliferation,this study used the root tips of Polygonatum odoratum as explants.Different sterilization treatments and medium formulations were designed to identify the optimal conditions for rhizome disinfection,root induction,as well as callus induction and proliferation.The results indicated that the optimal disinfection protocol was treatment with 75%ethanol for 80 s followed by 0.1%HgCl2 for 40 min,reducing contamination rate to 47%while maintaining explant viability.MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA was most effective for rooting,producing the maximum number and length of new roots from rhizomes after 16 days of dark culture.Callus induction was most effective on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L 6-BA,achieving 93.52%induction with 16 days.For callus proliferation,MS medium with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L 6-BA was most effective,yielding a proliferation coefficient of 11.52 after 50 days in dark culture,with callus appeared pale yellow,compact,and nodular in morphology with strong differentiation capacity.In contrast,elevated 2,4-D concentrations suppressed proliferation and induced browning.This work presents the first efficient root tip-based callus induction and proliferation system for P.odoratum,characterized by a high induction rate,short cycle,strong proliferation,and significant potential for virus elimination.The established system provides a technical foundation for virus-free micropropagation,germplasm conservation,and genetic transformation studies of polygonatum odoratum,contributing to its broader industrial application.
作者
唐艳梅
谢进
孙梦姗
周利
肖六军
胡政辉
宋荣
TANG Yanmei;XIE Jin;SUN Mengshan;ZHOU Li;XIAO Liujun;HU Zhenghui;SONG Rong(Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences and Chinese Herbal Materials,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Hunan Institute of Agricultural Soil and Eco-Environment,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Yuelushan Laboratory,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Guiyang County,Guiyang,Hunan 424499,China;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Santangjie Town,TaoJiang County,Taojiang,Hunan 413411,China)
出处
《作物研究》
2025年第6期516-522,共7页
Crop Research
基金
湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2024CX46)
湖南省中药材产业技术体系项目(HARS-11)
郴州国家可持续发展议程创新示范区省级专项项目(2024sfq16)
关键词
玉竹
繁殖
组织培养
愈伤组织
脱毒苗
再生体系
Polygonatum odoratum
propagation
tissue culture
callus
virus-free seedling
regeneration system
