摘要
目的:比较高水平举重运动员抓举成功与失败试举的关键技术差异,为优化抓举技术、提高试举成功率提供参考。方法:基于2019、2020年全国男子举重锦标赛现场采集的三维运动学数据,筛选出12名运动员在相同重量下的成功与失败(杠铃前掉)各一次试举,结合统计参数映射(SPM)与关键离散指标对抓举技术进行对比分析。结果:1)SPM分析显示,成功与失败试举在下肢关节角度与角速度、人体与杠铃垂直及水平运动学变化中均未出现显著差异,整体动作模式较为一致。2)离散指标分析表明,成功试举在发力末期踝关节伸展角度更大,人体和杠铃重心上升速度更高;在接铃阶段杠铃下降距离更短,接铃瞬间人体重心相对杠铃更靠前,“两心”垂直与水平支撑空间更充分。结论:1)高水平运动员抓举成败的差异主要体现在发力与接铃阶段的局部技术细节上,而非整体动作结构的改变。2)成功试举表现为下肢蹬伸更充分、杠铃垂直加速效果更好,接铃时“人-铃”相对位置更合理的特点。3)对易出现抓举前掉的运动员,训练中应重点强化下肢末端关节的发力能力,增强接铃阶段人体重心的持续前移与主动支撑控制,以提升动作稳定性和试举成功率。
Purpose:To compare the key technical differences between successful and failed snatch attempts in high-level weightlifters,and to provide references for optimizing snatch technique and improving success rates.Methods:Based on three-dimensional kinematic data which collected on-site at the 2019 and 2020 National Men’s Weightlifting Championships,twelve lifters were selected who had one successful and one failed(forward drop)snatch attempt at the same load respectively.Statistical Parametric Mapping(SPM)and key discrete variables were used to conduct a comparative analysis of snatch technique.Results:1)SPM analysis revealed that no significant differences in lower-limb joint angles or angular velocities,nor in the vertical and horizontal movement patterns of the lifter and barbell,which indicating that similar overall movement structures between successful and failed attempts.2)Discrete variable analysis showed that successful attempts exhibited greater ankle extension at the end of the upward pull,higher upward velocities of the lifter’s and barbell’s centers of gravity,shorter barbell drop distances during the catch phase,and a more forward body position relative to the barbell at the moment of fixation,resulting in greater vertical and horizontal supporting space.Conclusion:1)Differences between successful and failed snatch attempts among high-level athletes are mainly reflected in key technical details during the force-production and catch phases rather than changes in overall movement patterns.2)Successful attempts are characterized by more complete lower-limb extension,better vertical acceleration of the barbell,and a more favorable lifter–barbell alignment during the catch.3)For athletes prone to forward-drop failures,training should emphasize improving distal lower-limb joint power and enhancing forward movement and active support of the body during the catch phase to increase stability and success rates.
作者
晋勋
周伦美
叶小川
潘旭
胡挺
刘功聚
JIN Xun;ZHOU Lun-mei;YE Xiao-chuan;PAN Xu;HU Ting;LIU Gong-ju(Zhejiang College of Sports,Hangzhou 311231,China)
出处
《浙江体育科学》
2026年第1期57-65,92,共10页
Zhejiang Sport Science
基金
浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202557540)。
关键词
抓举
成功试举
失败试举
关键技术
Snatch
Successful Attempt
Failed Attempt
Key Technical Factors
