摘要
在全球气候变化与生物多样性丧失的背景下,近自然林业已成为实现森林可持续经营的关键路径。本研究以我国东北地区重要的顶级群落树种——红松(Pinus koraiensis)与柞树(Quercus mongolica)为对象,系统探讨了近自然混交林的培育技术体系及其生态生理机制。研究综合运用群落生态学、土壤学和森林培育学理论,通过长期定位观测与对比试验,详细阐述了从立地类型划分、种苗选择、精细化造林到全周期抚育管理的成套技术。结果表明:与纯林相比,红松-柞树混交林能形成稳定的复层异龄结构,其林分蓄积量显著提高25%~30%,土壤有机质含量提升20%~35%,物种数增加30%~40%,水源涵养与固碳能力分别增强40%和30%。本研究构建的“目标树导向”的近自然经营技术模式,不仅为退化林地(特别是退化柞蚕场)的生态修复提供了可操作方案,也为东北温带森林质量的精准提升、多功能协同发挥及应对气候变化提供了坚实的科学依据与实践范式。
Against the backdrop of global climate change and biodiversity loss,close-to-natural forestry has become a key pathway for achieving sustainable forest management.This study focuses on two important dominant community tree species in Northeast China-Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica-to systematically explore the technology system for cultivating close-to-natural mixed forests and its ecological and physiological mechanisms.The research integrates theories from community ecology,soil science,and forest cultivation,utilizing long-term observation and comparative experiments to detail a set of technologies from site classification,seedling selection,refined afforestation to full-cycle management.The results indicate that compared to pure forests,Pinus koraiensis-Quercus mongolica mixed forests can form stable multi-layered and uneven-aged structures,with a significant increase in stand volume by 25%~30%,soil organic matter content enhanced by 20%~35%,biodiversity index(Shannon-Wiener)increased by 30%~40%,and water conservation and carbon sequestration capabilities improved by 40%and 30%,respectively.The'target tree-oriented'near-natural management technology model constructed in this study not only provides an operable solution for the ecological restoration of degraded forested lands(especially degraded oak silkworm farms)but also offers solid scientific basis and practical paradigms for the precise enhancement of Northeast temperate forests'quality,multi-functional coordination,and response to climate change.
作者
潘兆才
崔新宇
耿晓军
王海莽
王贵
PAN Zhaocai;CUI Xinyu;GENG Xiaojun;WANG Haimang;WANG Gui(Dongliao County State-owned Forest Farm,Dongliao 136600,Jilin,China;Dongliao County Forestry Work Station,Dongliao 136600,Jilin,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2025年第21期111-116,共6页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
关键词
红松
蒙古栎
近自然林业
种间关系
生态经营
Pinus koraiensis
Quercus mongolica
close-to-nature forestry
mixed forest
interspecies relations
ecological management
cultivation technology
