摘要
本研究针对西藏高寒牧区牧草产量与质量提升需求,在那曲市色尼区罗马镇开展了7种燕麦(Avena sativa)和6种麦类品种的种植试验。通过对比分析不同牧草品种在特定自然条件下的生长表现,包括株高、鲜重、干重以及营养成分等指标,皆在筛选出最适宜该地区种植的优良牧草品种。研究结果显示:1)7个燕麦品种株高、干鲜比、干草产量分别介于73.1~113.2 cm、24.5%~28.4%和7560.0~9793.3 kg·hm^(−2),‘青海444’和‘凯撒’的株高、干鲜比显著高于其他燕麦品种,而‘青海444’‘优牧1号’和‘梦龙’产量最高,且与‘甜燕麦’和‘悍马’有显著差异(P<0.05);‘优牧1号’‘青海444’‘莫妮卡’‘凯撒’和‘悍马’的粗蛋白质含量显著高于‘梦龙’和‘甜燕麦’(P<0.05),‘优牧1号’和‘梦龙’的粗脂肪含量显著高于其他燕麦品种(P<0.05),‘莫妮卡’和‘悍马’的粗灰分含量较高;‘青海444’和‘凯撒’的酸性和中性洗涤纤维含量高于其他燕麦品种(P<0.05),且它们的相对饲喂价值(RFV)居中(P<0.05)。2)6个麦类品种的株高、干鲜比和干草产量分别介于23.7~149.3 cm、16.9%~27.0%和3076.0~11309.6 kg·hm^(−2),其中‘甘引1号’株高、干鲜比和产量均最高,‘新麦二代’产量最低;不同品种麦类的营养品质存在显著差异(P<0.05),‘麦多’和‘甘引1号’的粗蛋白质含量以及RFV均显著高于其他麦类,‘冬牧70’粗灰分含量最高,而‘高峰’的酸性和中性洗涤纤维含量最高。综合以上结果,在当地引种的7个燕麦品种中‘青海444’和‘梦龙’的生产性能和草品质较优,6个麦类品种中‘甘引1号’的生产性能和草品质最优,适宜在类似西藏那曲的高寒地区推广种植。
This study addresses the need to enhance forage yield and quality in the alpine pastoral regions of Xizang.Planting trials of seven Avena sativa and six cereal varieties were conducted in Luoma Town,Seni District,Nagqu City.The objective was to identify superior forage varieties most suitable for cultivation in this region.Therefore,a comparative analysis of the growth performance of different forage varieties under specific natural conditions,including plant height,fresh weight,dry weight,and nutritional components,was conducted.Among the seven A.sativa varieties,the plant height ranged from 73.1 to 113.2 cm,the dry-to-fresh weight ratio ranged from 24.5%to 28.4%,and the dry forage yield ranged from 7560.0 to 9793.3 kg·ha^(−1).First,the plant height and dry-to-fresh weight ratio of‘Qinghai 444’and‘Kaisa’were significantly higher than those of the other oat varieties.‘Qinghai 444’,‘Youmu No.1’,and‘Menglong’also exhibited the highest yields,which differed significantly from that of‘Tianyanmai’and‘Hanma’(P<0.05).The crude protein content of‘Youmu No.1’,‘Qinghai 444’,MNK,‘Kaisa’,and‘Hanma’was significantly higher than that of‘Menglong’and‘Tianyanmai’(P<0.05).The crude fat content of‘Youmu No.1’and‘Menglong’was found to be significantly higher than that of the other oat varieties(P<0.05),while MNK and‘Hanma’exhibited a higher ash content(P<0.05).The A.sativa varieties‘Qinghai 444’and‘Kaisa’exhibited higher acid-and neutral-detergent fiber contents than other varieties(P<0.05),with a relative feed value(RFV)ranking in the middle(P<0.05).Second,among the six cereal varieties,the plant height ranged from 23.7 to 149.3 cm,the dry-to-fresh weight ratio ranged from 16.9%to 27.0%,and the dry forage yield ranged from 3076.0 to 11309.6 kg·ha^(−1).GY1 exhibited the highest plant height,dry-to-fresh weight ratio,and yield,whereas XM2 demonstrated the lowest yield.Significant differences were observed in the nutritional quality of the cereal varieties(P<0.05).MD and GY1 exhibited significantly higher crude protein content and RFV relative to other cereal varieties.Conversely,DM70 had the highest ash content(P<0.05),while GF had the highest acid-and neutral-detergent fiber contents.Based on the above results,‘Qinghai 444’and‘Menglong’demonstrated superior production performance and forage quality among the seven introduced A.sativa varieties,while GY1 was superior among the six cereal varieties.These varieties are suitable for promotion and cultivation in high-altitude alpine regions similar to Nagqu,Xizang.
作者
刘海聪
刘杰
何唐萍
李菁
旦增卓玛
达娃卓玛
LIU Haicong;LIU Jie;HE Tangping;LI Jing;Danzengzhuoma;Dawazhuoma(Xizang Vocational Technical College,School of Animal Science and Technology,Lhasa 850000,Xizang,China)
出处
《草业科学》
北大核心
2025年第12期3174-3181,共8页
Pratacultural Science
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题及西藏中央引导地方资金配套项目“西藏高寒区生态草牧业科技示范”(XDA26050501、XZ202301YD0012C)
地区本级财政应用技术研究与开发专项“阿里措勤县人工草地提质增效技术研究与集成示范”(ALKJ-BJCZ-2024-01)
西藏自治区现代农业产业技术体系牧草产业技术体系(XZARS-MC-GW-02)。
关键词
高寒牧区
燕麦
麦类
生产性能
营养品质
alpine pastoral region
Avena sativa
cereal
production performance
nutritional quality
