摘要
为保障国家粮食安全并破解黑土地保护与产能协同提升的关键难题,针对东北黑土地面临的耕层变薄、有机质下降、结构硬化等制约农业可持续发展的突出问题,本研究系统梳理了东北黑土地合理耕层构造的内涵与特征,从调控土壤物理性质、化学性质、微生物结构及功能、动物多样性、作物生长发育及产量等多维度阐述了合理耕层构造的生态功能,总结了适用于不同区域的合理耕层构建技术模式,并介绍了配套农机装备。在此基础上,提出了未来应以保障国家粮食安全为核心,以黑土地可持续利用为目标,推动农机农艺深度融合,构建轻简高效、区域适配的耕作技术体系,为实现黑土地保护与农业高质量发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。
To ensure national food security and address the critical challenge of simultaneously protecting black soils and increasing their productivity,this study focuses on the prominent issues constraining sustainable agricultural development in Northeast China including the thinning of the cultivated layer,declining soil organic matter,and structural hardening.This study systematically reviews the concept and characteristics of rational cultivated layer structure for the black soils of this region.It elaborates on the ecological functions of this rational structure from multiple dimensions,including the regulation of soil physical and chemical properties,microbial community structure and function,faunal diversity,and crop growth,development,and yield.Furthermore,the study summarizes the technical models adaptable to different regions for constructing rational cultivated layer,adaptable to different regions,and introduces the corresponding agricultural machinery.Accordingly,the study proposes future efforts should center on the core objective of ensuring national food security and aim at sustainable black soil utilization,promote deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy,and establish a simplified,high-efficiency,and regionally-adapted cultivation technology system.This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for achieving both the conservation of black soil and high-quality agricultural development.
作者
郑洪兵
苏荣九
纪东铭
梅楠
李春荣
刘明
高健
石淼
于中雨
于颖
徐婷婷
王海枫
由文佳
宁慧萍
高野
张尧
徐盛
王易祥
史宏伟
ZHENG Hongbing;SU Rongjiu;JI Dongming;MEI Nan;LI Chunrong;LIU Ming;GAO Jian;SHI Miao;YU Zhongyu;Yu Ying;XU Tingting;WANG Haifeng;YOU Wenjia;NING Huiping;GAO Ye;ZHANG Yao;XU Sheng;WANG Yixiang;SHI Hongwei(College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Siping Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Siping 136599,China;College of Engineering and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College,Jilin 132101,China;Jilin Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Changchun 130062,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期89-98,共10页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
吉林农业大学高层次人才项目(202020581)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220302008NC)
国家自然科学基金项目(31501248)
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD03002)。
关键词
黑土地
耕作制度
耕层构造
土壤退化
土壤健康
black soil
farming system
tillage layer structure
soil degradation
soil health
