摘要
为揭示喀斯特地貌区水环境微塑料(MPs)污染特征、迁移规律及生态风险,该研究选取渔洋河为代表区域,于2024年6月(丰水期)和2025年2月(枯水期)分别采集表层水、沉积物及岩溶水样品。通过体视显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析微塑料丰度、形态及聚合物组成,并结合聚类分析揭示其空间分布规律,同时运用污染负荷指数(PLI)、聚合物风险指数(PHI)和生态风险指数(PERI)评估区域污染风险差异,通过比例流量法估算年排放通量。结果表明:①丰水期表层水、沉积物和岩溶水中微塑料的平均丰度分别为(4.89±0.83)个/L、(0.87±0.16)个/g和(2.65±0.50)个/L,枯水期则分别为(3.48±0.59)个/L、(0.60±0.11)个/g和(1.81±0.34)个/L。②所有介质中以碎片状、粒径<0.3 mm、黑色微塑料为主,纤维状微塑料主要分布在表层水中,而大粒径(>0.3 mm)微塑料则在农村区占比(占38.23%)更高。③表层水中微塑料聚合物的类型以聚丙烯(PP)和聚乙烯(PE)为主,沉积物中以PP和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为主,岩溶水中以PP为主。④渔洋河全流域整体处于低污染负荷、中等聚合物危害风险、低潜在生态风险水平。⑤渔洋河平均年排放通量约为6.60 t,数量1.48×10^(10)个。研究显示,渔洋河微塑料丰度存在显著季节性差异,形态特征呈现明显介质与区域分异,岩溶水主要源于表层水直接交换而非土壤渗透;尽管整体微塑料污染处于中低污染水平,但其年排放量及潜在生态影响仍不容忽视。
To investigate the characteristics,migration patterns,and ecological risks of microplastics(MPs)in the aquatic environment of a typical karst region,this study selected the Yuyang River as a representative system.Surface water,sediment,and karst water samples were collected during the wet season(June 2024)and dry season(February 2025).The abundance,morphology,and polymer composition of MPs were analyzed using stereomicroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).Cluster analysis was used to identify spatial distribution patterns.The pollution load index(PLI),polymer hazard index(PHI),and potential ecological risk index(PERI)were applied to evaluate variations in regional pollution risks.Additionally,the annual discharge flux of MPs was estimated using the proportional flow method.The results showed that:(1)The average abundances of MPs in surface water,sediment,and karst water during the wet season were(4.89±0.83)items/L,(0.87±0.16)items/g,and(2.65±0.50)items/L,respectively,while those during the dry season were(3.48±0.59)items/L,(0.60±0.11)items/g,and(1.81±0.34)items/L,respectively.(2)Fragments,particles<0.3 mm,and black MPs were predominant across all media.Fibrous MPs were primarily found in surface water,while larger MPs(>0.3 mm)accounted for a higher proportion in rural areas(38.23%).(3)Polypropylene(PP)and polyethylene(PE)were the predominant polymers in surface water,PP and polyethylene terephthalate(PET)dominated in sediments,and PP was the main polymer in karst water.(4)Overall,the entire Yuyang River Basin exhibited a low pollution load,moderate polymer hazard risk,and low potential ecological risk.(5)The estimated annual discharge of MPs was approximately 6.60 t,equivalent to 1.48×10^(10) items.These findings reveal significant seasonal variations in MP abundance,distinct morphological characteristics among different media and regions,and suggest that karst water primarily originates from direct exchange with surface water rather than via soil infiltration.Although the overall pollution level is low to moderate,the potential ecological impacts of the annual discharge volume warrant close attention.
作者
胡欣宇
李卫明
严康
谭宏宇
方子杰
刘晓伟
李鸿
周存恩
罗茂远
HU Xinyu;LI Weiming;YAN Kang;TAN Hongyu;FANG Zijie;LIU Xiaowei;LI Hong;ZHOU Cun′en;LUO Maoyuan(College of Hydraulic and Environment Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education of Ecological Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Yichang 443002,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期138-151,共14页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.51979149)
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC3203902,2022YFC3203905)。
关键词
微塑料
喀斯特地貌区
迁移规律
空间分布
污染风险
排放量
microplastics
karst region
migration pattern
spatial distribution
pollution risks
discharge flux
