摘要
秸秆、绿肥等有机物料还田是西南“旱三熟”种植区应对因水土流失导致土壤养分失衡、质量下降的可持续耕作措施。以西南丘陵区典型“旱三熟”种植模式“蚕豆/玉米/甘薯”中的蚕豆为对象,研究无覆盖(CK)、秸秆覆盖(S)、紫云英覆盖(M)、秸秆与紫云英协同覆盖(SM)等覆盖措施对土壤肥力特性、胞外酶活性和蚕豆产量的影响,为推动西南地区农业资源高效利用、助力土壤健康和优化农田管理提供理论参考。结果表明:S、SM处理能够提高土壤速效养分含量,有效缓解土壤养分失衡,显著提高了土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量,并有效提高了土壤胞外酶活性,其中酸性磷酸酶(AP)活性在SM处理下显著高于CK处理。生物覆盖显著提高蚕豆产量,整体表现为:SM>S>M>CK,其中SM处理效果最佳。综上所述,在西南丘陵区通过秸秆与紫云英协同覆盖,可以促进土壤养分平衡,改善土壤质量,增加土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量,并提高蚕豆产量。
Returning organic materials such as straws and green manures to the field is a sustainable farming measure in the“dryland triple cropping”planting area in southwest China to address the problems of soil nutrient imbalance and quality decline caused by soil erosion.This study takes the broad bean under the typical“dryland triple cropping”planting pattern of“faba bean/maize/sweet potato”in the hilly areas of southwest China as the research object.It studies the effects of mulching measures such as no mulching(CK),straw mulching(S),Chinese milk vetch mulching(M)and the combined mulching of straw and Chinese milk vetch(SM)on soil fertility characteristics,extracellular enzyme activities,and broad bean yield,to provide theoretical references for promoting the efficient utilization of agricultural resources in southwest China,facilitating soil health,and optimizing farmland management.The results show that the S and SM treatments can increase the content of soil available nutrients,effectively alleviate soil nutrient imbalance,significantly increase the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and effectively improve soil extracellular enzyme activities.Among them,the activity of acid phosphatase(AP)under the SM treatment was significantly higher than that under the CK treatment.Biological mulching significantly increased the broad bean yield.The overall performance was SM>S>M>CK,with the SM treatment having the best effect.In conclusion,in the hilly areas of southwest China,covering land with straws and Chinese milk vetch can promote soil nutrient balance,improve soil quality,increase the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and increase the broad bean yield.
作者
魏旭
周玉玲
宋稳锋
宋李霞
任可
马群
李绍兴
魏泽煜
武炎
廖安锺
王龙昌
WEI Xu;ZHOU Yuling;SONG Wenfeng;SONG Lixia;REN Ke;MA Qun;LI Shaoxing;WEI Zeyu;WU Yan;LIAO Anzhong;WANG Longchang(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China)
出处
《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2026年第1期75-85,共11页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31871583)。
关键词
秸秆覆盖
紫云英覆盖
蚕豆
土壤肥力
土壤微生物生物量碳、氮
胞外酶活性
straw mulching
milk vetch mulching
faba bean
soil fertility
soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen
extracellular enzyme activity
