摘要
氮-空位(NV)色心是金刚石样品中具有独特光学性质的缺陷结构,在室温条件下即可展现显著的量子特性,并能对磁场、电场、应力、温度等物理量产生灵敏响应,因而成为微纳尺度量子测量研究的理想系统。NV系统受到13C核自旋、P1色心及NV之间的相互作用等多种环境因素的影响,会产生退相干现象,同时操控误差的积累也会降低探测灵敏度。为抑制这些环境和控制误差影响,并提升测量灵敏度,动力学解耦、量子最优化控制和形状脉冲等量子控制技术在NV色心测量中得到广泛应用,并取得了深入发展。本综述主要介绍这些应用于NV色心探测系统的量子控制方法,并对其近期进展进行综述。
Significance Nitrogen-vacancy(NV)centers in diamond are defects formed by adjacent nitrogen and vacancy defects.The exhibit unique optical properties.These centers can be polarized and read out at room temperature via laser excitation.They also enable coherent manipulation through resonant microwaves and make them a popular platform for quantum information processing research.In quantum sensing applications,NV centers interact with physical quantities such as magnetic fields,electric fields,and temperature,facilitating nanoscale quantum measurements.Quantum control methods play a critical role in NV-based quantum sensing.Achieving high-fidelity coherent control in NV systems requires suppressing decoherence and operational noise.Repetitive measurement pulses in sensing applications gradually accumulate control errors,while ensemble measurements introduce P1 centers and NV-NV interactions,which degrade coherence and significantly limit sensitivity improvements.To address this,various quantum control techniques have been developed,including non-adiabatic quantum computation,dynamical decoupling gates,composite pulses,optimal control,and quantum error correction.This review systematically introduces quantum control methods applied to NV center sensing systems and summarizes recent advancements in this field.Progress NV color center systems are susceptible to decoherence effects induced by various environmental factors,while accumulated control errors also degrade their detection sensitivity.To suppress these errors and enhance measurement precision,quantum control techniques such as dynamical decoupling,quantum optimal control,and shaped pulses have been applied to NV color center sensing systems and further developed.The implementation of quantum control techniques yields three key improvements:extending system decoherence time(commonly achieved through dynamical decoupling sequences),suppressing control errors(via dynamical error correction methods),and improving detection sensitivity(achievable through optimized control methods).In this section,we present eight typical quantum control methods employed in NV measurement systems.Conclusions and Prospects At the current stage,although NV center-based measurement systems offer advantages such as nanoscale resolution and operation under extreme conditions,their detection sensitivity still requires improvement.The integration of quantum control methods with measurement systems provides powerful tools for further advancements in this field,particularly in the following research directions where breakthroughs are likely to occur through quantum control applications.1)Artificial intelligence(AI)-driven quantum control optimization.The rapid development of AI has introduced novel methods and tools for quantum control and precision measurement.AI algorithms have already been applied to optimize quantum control processes and analyze complex two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)signals.Leveraging AI to enhance measurement protocols,improve control fidelity,and resolve signals in complex environments represents a promising direction for advancing quantum sensing.2)Multi-qubit entanglement and noise suppression.Ensemble-based quantum measurements with multi-qubit entanglement exhibit high sensitivity but demand stringent multi-qubit control and noise suppression.Quantum control techniques excel in addressing these challenges,particularly in mitigating decoherence caused by NV-NV interactions and environmental noise,which are critical for improving sensitivity in large-scale NV arrays.3)Miniaturized NV diamond applications.Nanoscale diamond particles incorporating NV centers are increasingly used in biomedical sensing,advanced materials,and chemical analysis.Integrating quantum control technologies into these applications could resolve critical issues such as complex signal processing,real-time data acquisition,and signal-to-noise ratio enhancement.For instance,NV-based quantum sensors enable nanoscale magnetic field detection in biological systems and high-resolution magnetic imaging in materials science.Recent advancements in quantum control methodologies,including dynamical decoupling sequences and optimal control algorithms,have further expanded the capabilities of NV center systems.These developments position quantum control as a cornerstone for overcoming current limitations and unlocking new frontiers in precision sensing and quantum information processing.
作者
龙桂鲁
张飞昊
Long Guilu;Zhang Feihao(Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics,Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《光学学报》
北大核心
2025年第20期18-31,共14页
Acta Optica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(12205011,62471046)。
关键词
量子控制
量子测量
氮-空位色心
量子信息
quantum control
quantum sensing
nitrogen-vacancy center
quantum information
