摘要
生态敏感性是衡量生态系统对外界扰动响应能力和自我调节能力的关键指标,对于生态保护红线划定、国土空间规划和区域生态安全格局构建具有重要意义。本文以黄土高原典型沟壑区甘肃省庆阳市为研究对象,基于2000—2020年多期遥感与土地利用数据,选取高程、坡向、NDVI和土地利用类型4个关键生态因子,构建生态敏感性评价指标体系。采用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,结合GIS空间叠加分析,识别研究区生态敏感性空间分布格局,并探讨其与土地利用变化和植被覆盖变化的耦合机制。结果表明:(1)庆阳市近20年来土地利用格局显著优化,林地和草地面积持续增长,未利用地显著减少。(2)NDVI整体呈现“低值上升、高值稳定”的趋势,反映出生态工程实施带来的植被恢复效应。(3)生态敏感性空间格局呈西北-中部较低,东南较高的分异特征,中敏感与较高敏感区占据主导地位,二者合计占研究区总面积的95.5%。高敏感区主要集中于子午岭林区和泾河源区等生态屏障区域,这些区域对土地利用变化和植被退化表现出高度敏感。本研究可为区域生态保护与土地可持续利用策略的制定提供科学依据。
Ecological sensitivity is a critical indicator for evaluating the response and self-regulation capacity of ecosystems under external disturbances.It plays an essential role in ecological redline delineation,spatial planning,and the construction of regional ecological security patterns.This study takes Qingyang City,a typical gully region on the Loess Plateau,as the research area.Based on multi-period remote sensing and land use data from 2000 to 2020,four key ecological indicators—elevation,aspect,NDVI,and land use type—were selected to build an ecological sensitivity evaluation system.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)was employed to determine index weights,and GIS-based overlay analysis was used to map spatial distribution patterns of ecological sensitivity and explore their coupling mechanisms with land use and vegetation cover changes.The results show that:(1)Land use in Qingyang has significantly improved over the past two decades,with continuous expansion of forest and grassland and a notable reduction in unused land.(2)NDVI exhibited a trend of“low values increasing and high values remaining stable,”indicating significant vegetation restoration driven by ecological projects.(3)Ecological sensitivity displayed clear spatial differentiation,with lower sensitivity in the northwest and central areas and higher sensitivity in the southeast.Medium and high sensitivity zones dominated the region,while highly sensitive zones were mainly distributed in key ecological barrier areas such as the Ziwuling forest and the headwaters of the Jing River.This study provides a practical and replicable approach for ecological sensitivity evaluation in loess hill and gully regions,offering scientific support for ecological zoning,land management,and environmental policy development.
作者
李彩霞
任涛
李永恒
Caixia Li;Tao Ren;Yongheng Li(No.3 Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration,Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Lanzhou 730050,China)
出处
《中国沙漠》
北大核心
2025年第6期166-175,共10页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
甘肃省青年科技基金项目(23JRRA671)。
