摘要
宋元时期,随着社会整体文化水平的提升,民间对文本(以应酬启札为主)交际礼仪的重视程度越来越高。由于有做好应酬文字功夫的需要,相关的写作教材在该时期大量涌现,《新编事文类要启札青钱》(下称《青钱》)即为代表性类书之一。在编纂形式上,呈现出以“活套”为核心的文章写作法,围绕两个重点进行应酬启札的写作教学:1.构建文体模板(式),2.随生活场景的转换提供不同套语(套)。前者归纳同文体类别下各文本的写作逻辑,按文章首末顺序划分要素并依要素特点冠以引导词,是共性的概括;后者负责给出填充所需的套语以填补模板,分为通用套语和“入事”套语(据应酬场合而定)两类。活套写作是日常交际场合或仪式的程式化表达的书面显现,外貌与复杂度随场合/仪式的变化而变化,其实质是作者在现实情境下合礼形象的“镜像”表达。
During the Song and Yuan dynasties,the overall improvement of cultural literacy in society fostered an increasing emphasis among the populace on textual etiquette,particularly in the realm of Parallel prose letters used for social interaction.In response to the practical demand for proficiency in such epistolary practice,a considerable number of instructional manuals emerged during this period.Among these,the New Edition of the Selected Epistolary Forms(hereafter Qingqian)constitutes one of the most representative compendia.From the perspective of compilation,the work embodies a compositional methodology centered on Pattern Writing,which organizes the teaching of Parallel prose letter composition around two principal dimensions:the construction of textual templates(shi),and the provision of formulaic expressions(tao)adaptable to different situational contexts.The former abstracts the shared compositional logic across texts within a given genre by segmenting the discourse according to the sequence of opening and closing,assigning guiding markers to each element in order to systematize common structural features.The latter furnishes the necessary formulae to populate the template,subdivided into general formulae and"event-specific"formulae determined by the exigencies of particular occasions.In essence,Pattern Writing functions as the written manifestation of the ritualized and conventionalized modes of expression employed in everyday social interactions or ceremonial contexts.Its external form and degree of elaboration vary in accordance with the social or ritual situation,while substantively it constitutes a"mirrored"textual projection of the author's socially appropriate persona within lived contexts.
作者
鹿鸣九
Lu Mingjiu(Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210024)
出处
《语文学刊》
2025年第5期33-44,共12页
Journal of Language and Literature Studies
关键词
启札
活套
《新编事文类要启札青钱》
礼仪文书
parallel prose letters
pattern writing
New Edition of the Selected Epistolary Forms
ritual and etiquette documents
