摘要
在《民法典》正式实施之际,惩罚性赔偿的适用范围已拓展至生态环境侵权领域。最高人民法院出台专项司法解释,针对生态环境侵害类民事纠纷案件的惩罚性赔偿问题确立了法律准则。尽管有《环境侵权惩罚性赔偿解释》作为指导,但在具体司法实践中相关规则尚需进一步完善,且实施效果并不尽如人意。鉴于环境民事公益诉讼直接关联到生态环境的公共利益,惩罚性赔偿的引入意在对侵权者实施更为严厉的制裁。确定惩罚性赔偿金额是惩罚性赔偿的重要环节。通过案件分析发现实践中存在的计算标准和计算模式的问题,借鉴英国美国和我国消费者权益保护领域的惩罚性赔偿基准的规定,将计算模式和计算标准进行科学界定,合理规范惩罚性赔偿制度在环境公益诉讼的实施路径。
With the official implementation of the Civil Code,the scope of punitive damages has been extended to cover ecological and environmental infringements.The Supreme People’s Court has issued a dedicated judicial interpretation that establishes legal criteria for punitive damages in civil disputes involving ecological and environmental harm.Yet despite the guidance provided by the Judicial Interpretation on the Application of Punitive Damages in Civil Cases of Environmental Infringement,the relevant rules still need further refinement in judicial practice and the implementation results have fallen short of expectations.Given that environmental civil public interest litigation directly concerns the public interest of the ecological environment,the introduction of punitive damages aims to impose more severe sanctions on infringers.Determining the amount of punitive damages is a crucial step in the punitive damages process.Case analysis reveals inconsistent calculation standards and models in practice.Drawing on the benchmarks from the UK,the US,and China’s consumer-protection field,this paper proposes a scientific definition of both model and standard,and maps an implementation pathway for punitive damages in environmental public interest litigation that is transparent,proportionate,and predictable.
作者
郭丹阳
Guo Danyang(College of Law and Politics,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031)
出处
《西部学刊》
2026年第2期83-86,共4页
Journal of Western
关键词
惩罚性赔偿
赔偿基准
环境民事公益诉讼
punitive damages
damages benchmark
environmental civil public interest litigation
