摘要
氨(NH_(3))是支撑现代社会可持续发展的关键化工原料,但传统的哈伯-博施工艺等合成法仍面临高能耗与高碳排放的严峻挑战.近年来,基于可再生能源驱动的电催化硝酸盐还原反应(NO_(3)RR)因其在温和条件下可同步实现废水净化与高附加值产品合成,逐渐成为学科交叉的新兴研究热点.本综述系统总结了单原子位点催化剂在电化学NO_(3)RR领域的最新研究进展.首先阐述硝酸盐还原合成氨的作用机制,并探讨与机理研究相关的原位表征技术;其次系统评述单原子位点催化剂用于硝酸盐还原的研究进展,深入解析构效关系以指导高效催化剂设计;最后总结现有研究成果并展望该领域的未来发展方向.本综述旨在为环境友好型氨合成及硝酸盐资源化利用提供新思路,推动“双碳”目标要求下绿色催化技术的创新应用.
Ammonia(NH_(3)),a cornerstone chemical for sustaining modern society,is traditionally produced via the energy-intensive and carbon-emissive Haber-Bosch process.In light of growing sustainability demands,the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR),powered by intermittent renewable energy,has recently emerged as a multidisciplinary research frontier.This reaction not only enables ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions but also offers the dual benefit of wastewater remediation and value-added chemical production.This Review highlights recent advances in single-atom site catalysts for NO_(3)RR.We first discuss the reaction mechanisms underlying nitrate-to-ammonia conversion,with an emphasis on in situ characterization techniques essential for mechanistic insights.We then provide a comprehensive overview of atomically dispersed catalysts in NO_(3)RR,focusing on the structure–activity relationships that inform the rational design of efficient systems.Finally,we summarize key findings and offer perspectives on current challenges and future directions.This Review aims to inform the development of environmentally benign ammonia synthesis strategies and nitrate valorization technologies,contributing to the advancement of green catalysis in the context of carbon neutrality.
作者
孙彭亮
赵铮铮
郑雄
赵红颖
郑广宏
陈银广
SUN Peng-liang;ZHAO Zheng-zheng;ZHENG Xiong;ZHAO Hong-ying;ZHENG Guang-hong;CHEN Yin-guang(State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Green Recycling,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability,School of Chemical Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)
出处
《中国环境科学》
北大核心
2026年第1期120-137,共18页
China Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52470057)。
关键词
电催化硝酸盐还原
单原子位点催化剂
电合成氨
构效关系
electrocatalytic nitrate reduction
single-atom active sites catalysts
electrochemical ammonia synthesis
structure-activity relationship
