摘要
孟子所说的人与自然的关系是局部与整体的关系,人与物同属于自然界中的一部分,是平等并列存在的。人类对待自然的法则是事天爱物,即顺应自然,爱惜万物。“尽心知性”是孟子事天爱物的前提,“推恩”是事天爱物的方法。“尽心知性”与“推恩”是孟子和谐万物过程的两个有机组成部分:“尽心知性”是向内寻求的,是人内心善的本性充分扩张的过程;“推恩”是向外推广的,是事天爱物的具体体现,是人把自身善的本性施与他人与外物的过程,即“亲亲仁民爱物”。孟子和谐万物的自然观对天人合一观念产生了巨大的影响。
The relationship between humans and nature,as expounded by Mencius,is one of part and whole:both humans and all things are integral components of nature,existing in an equal and parallel state.The principle for humans to treat nature is to“serve heaven and cherish all things”,which means conforming to nature and valuing all creatures.“Exhausting one’s mind to understand one’s nature”is the prerequisite for this principle,while“extending kindness”is the method to practice it.These two concepts are organic parts of Mencius’s thought on achieving harmony among all things:“exhausting one’s mind to understand one’s nature”is an inward pursuit,a process of fully developing the innate goodness within oneself;“extending kindness”is an outward practice,a concrete manifestation of serving heaven and cherishing all things.It refers to the process by which humans extend their inherent goodness to others and all creatures,namely“loving one’s relatives,being benevolent to the people,and cherishing all things”.Mencius’s view of nature,centered on the harmony of all things,has exerted a profound influence on the concept of the unity of heaven and man.
作者
李华
LI Hua(School of Liberal Arts and Sciences,Beijing Polytechnic University,Beijing 100176,China)
出处
《北京联合大学学报(人文社会科学版)》
2026年第1期117-124,共8页
Journal of Beijing Union University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
孟子
和谐万物
自然观
天人合一
Mencius
harmony of all things
view of nature
unity of heaven and man
