摘要
[目的]针对天津滨海盐碱地土壤盐碱化严重、生产力低下及奶牛养殖优质饲草供应不足的问题,探索冬油菜-夏玉米复种模式在盐碱地改良与饲草增产方面的协同潜力,为区域农牧结合与盐碱地资源高效利用提供技术支撑。[方法]在天津市滨海新区轻度盐碱地设置田间试验,比较冬油菜-夏玉米复种模式(WRMC)与单作玉米模式(MC)对土壤理化性质、玉米农艺性状及产量的影响。测定土壤pH、全氮、有效磷、速效钾等指标,分析玉米穗位、茎粗、鲜重等农艺性状,并采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析探讨土壤与玉米性状之间的关系。[结果]与MC组相比,WR-MC组土壤pH值显著降低至8.35,土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著提高0.02%、22.24%和17.62%;玉米穗位高度显著增加16.17%。相关性分析表明,玉米穗位和茎粗与土壤pH值呈显著负相关,与土壤养分指标呈正相关。[结论]冬油菜-夏玉米复种模式可有效改善滨海盐碱地土壤理化性质,促进玉米生长,提升饲草产量,是一种可行的盐碱地改良与饲草增产协同技术,具有推广应用价值。
[Objective]This study aimed to explore the synergistic potential of the winter rapeseed-summer maize relay cropping system in ameliorating saline-alkali soil and increasing forage yield,addressing the severe soil salinization,low productivity,and insufficient supply of high-quality forage for dairy farming in the coastal salinealkali areas of Tianjin.The goal was to provide technical support for the integration of regional agriculture and animal husbandry and the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land resources.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in mildly saline-alkali soil in the Binhai New Area of Tianjin.The winter rapeseed-summer maize relay cropping system(WR-MC)was compared with the monocropped maize system(MC)in terms of their effects on soil physicochemical properties,maize agronomic traits,and yield.Soil pH,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and other indicators were measured.Maize ear height,stem diameter,fresh weight,and other agronomic traits were analyzed.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between soil properties and maize traits.[Results]Compared with the MC system,the WR-MC system significantly reduced soil pH to 8.35 and significantly increased soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium contents by 0.02%,22.24%,and 17.62%,respectively.Maize ear height was significantly increased by 16.17%.Correlation analysis indicated that maize ear height and stem diameter were significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and positively correlated with soil nutrient indicators.[Conclusion]The winter rapeseed-summer maize relay cropping system effectively improved the physicochemical properties of coastal saline-alkali soil,promoted maize growth,and increased forage yield.It is a feasible synergistic technology for saline-alkali soil amelioration and forage yield enhancement,demonstrating value for broader application.
作者
张盛南
王璐瑶
郭爽
王煦
王永颖
李振国
王鸿英
ZHANG Shengnan;WANG Luyao;GUO Shuang;WANG Xu;WANG Yongying;LI Zhenguo;WANG Hongying(Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center,Tianjin 300061;Binhai New Area Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center,Tianjin 300450)
出处
《中国乳业》
2025年第12期10-15,共6页
China Dairy
基金
企业科技特派员项目(23YDTPJC00070)。
关键词
冬油菜
夏玉米复种技术
盐碱地改良
饲草增产
winter rapeseed
relay cropping technology of summer maize
saline-alkali soil amelioration
forage yield enhancement
