摘要
文章针对重卡驾驶室前围大型钣金件人工搬运效率低、劳动强度大(需双人协同)、安全风险高等问题,设计了一种移动式电控助力机械手。基于CATIA软件完成轻量化结构设计,采用仿形人体手臂架构,创新性提出怀抱式托举夹紧机构适配异型面,实现三点受力。集成丝杠蜗杆减速系统实现推力放大与断电自锁,搭配四轮移动系统突破空间限制。应用结果表明:该机械手由单人操作完成前围总成任意方向搬运,消除人与零件直接接触,提升作业过程安全性,人力成本减少50%。该助力机械手为汽车制造业重型异型钣金件搬运提供了低成本、高柔性解决方案,填补了重卡异型钣金件专用搬运装备的空白,可推广至机械制造领域,助力产线柔性化及清洁化升级。
Aiming at the problems of low efficiency,high labor intensity(requiring two-person coordination),and high safety risks in the manual handling of large sheet metal parts for the front wall of heavy-duty truck cabs,this paper designs a mobile electrically controlled assist manipulator.Based on CATIA software,a lightweight structural design is completed.Adopting a human-armimitating architecture,an innovative embracing lifting and clamping mechanism is proposed to adapt to irregular surfaces,achieving three-point force application.An integrated lead screw and worm gear reduction system is used to achieve thrust amplification and self-locking upon power failure,combined with a four-wheel mobile system to overcome spatial limitations.Application results show that the manipulator,operated by a single person,can handle the front wall assembly in any direction,eliminating direct contact between the worker and the part, thereby enhancing operational safety andreducing labor costs by 50%. This assist manipulator provides a low-cost, highly flexible solution forhandling heavy and irregular sheet metal parts in the automotive manufacturing industry, filling thegap in specialized handling equipment for such components in heavy-duty trucks. It can be promotedto the machinery manufacturing sector, supporting flexible and cleaner production line upgrades.
作者
张强
仇阿朋
ZHANG Qiang;QIU Apeng(Shaanxi Heavy-Duty Automobile Company Limited,Xi'an 710200,China)
出处
《汽车实用技术》
2026年第1期75-80,共6页
Automobile Applied Technology
关键词
助力机械手
重卡钣金件
人机协同
柔性搬运
劳动强度
assist manipulator
sheet metal parts of heavy-duty trucks
human-robot collaboration
flexible handling
labor intensity
