摘要
2025年4月公布的《生态环境法典(草案)》“土壤污染防治分编”,承袭了现行《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》所确立的“土壤污染责任人—土地使用权人—政府及其有关部门”序位规则的责任主体框架,其对于不同责任主体担责的理论依据、规范要件、责任范围等依然未予界定。鉴于适度法典化定位下的体系协调性以及土壤污染修复责任主体认定的复杂性,土壤污染防治分编应根据不同责任主体确立的法理逻辑,明确土壤污染责任人的终局责任和土地使用权人的中间责任,增加关于多个责任主体情形下按份责任、平均责任及连带责任的规定,区分政府突发事件应急措施和非应急状态下代履行修复及兜底性修复责任的规范要件,并按“突发事件应对与行为责任优先—土地使用权人居中补充—政府组织实施责任兜底保障”的序位规则确立不同责任主体的适用关系。
The“Soil Pollution Prevention and Control”section in the Ecological Environment Code(Draft),published in April 2025,retains the liability framework established by the current Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China,which follows the sequential order of“the polluting party–the land use right holder–the government and its relevant departments.”However,the theoretical basis,normative criteria,and scope of liability for different responsible subjects remain undefined.Given the need for systemic coherence under the moderate codification approach and the complexities in identifying parties responsible for soil pollution remediation,this section of the Code should delineate the legal logic underpinning the liability of different parties.It must explicitly define the ultimate liability of the polluting party and the intermediary liability of the land use right holder.Furthermore,provisions should be incorporated to address scenarios with multiple liable parties,specifying the application of several liability,equal liability,and joint liability.A clear distinction should also be made between the government’s emergency response measures and its remediation obligations in non-emergency situations,including the normative requirements for residual liability.The application of liability among different parties should follow the sequential rule of“emergency response and behavioral liability first–the land use right holder acts as an intermediary supplement–the government’s responsibility to organize and implement remediation serves as the final safeguard”.
作者
周勇飞
ZHOU Yongfei(College of Economic Management and Law,Hubei Normal University,Huangshi 435002,China)
出处
《中国环境管理》
2025年第6期137-148,共12页
Chinese Journal of Environmental Management
基金
2022年国家社会科学基金一般项目“生态环境监管执法尽职免责机制研究”(22BFX133)。
