摘要
去中心化自治组织的治理问题在法律上的定位与保护已成为当前数字法治体系转型中的关键理论难题。现有研究多试图将去中心化自治组织纳入传统组织法范式,通过法人拟制或合伙制度加以规范,但此类路径依赖人格集中化、意志统一与身份可识别的制度前提,与去中心化自治组织基于去中心化架构、智能合约逻辑与匿名协作机制所生成的控制结构之间存在根本性张力,导致“组织人格化”导向在规范适配上出现结构性适配失效。去中心化自治组织的治理问题根植于区块链技术语境,其合法性基础不在于组织法定的设定要件,而在于链上关键权限控制的事实状态。在此意义上,去中心化自治组织的治理应被理解为对核心合约权限的有限事实控制,其所承载的法律利益本质上体现为一种程序性治理权益。据此,去中心化自治组织的法律治理应以“控制路径识别—责任归属机制”为核心构建逻辑,推动建立涵盖控制识别机制、治理信息披露义务、权责协同体系与风险分级治理规则的综合性制度,以实现对其技术衍生的控制形态的有效法治规制。
The legal status and protection of governance issues within Decentralized Autonomous Organizations(DAOs)have become a critical theoretical dilemma in the ongoing transformation of the digital rule of law system.Existing research largely attempts to integrate DAOs into the traditional organizational law paradigm,regulating them through legal personification or the partnership regime.However,such paths rely on the institutional premises of centralized legal personality,unity of will,and identifiable identity,which are in fundamental tension with the control structures generated by DAOs based on decentralized architecture,smart contract logic,and anonymous collaboration mechanisms.This results in a structural failure of normative adaptation for the"organizational personification"orientation.The governance of DAOs is rooted in the context of blockchain technology,and its legitimacy is predicated not upon the statutory constitutive elements of organizations,but on the factual status of key on-chain permission control.In this sense,the governance of DAOs should be conceptualized as limited factual control over core contract permissions,whose embedded legal interests essentially embody a form of procedural governance rights.Consequently,the legal governance of DAOs should be structured around the core logic of"control path identification and liability attribution mechanisms,"and promote the establishment of a comprehensive institutional response encompassing control identification mechanisms,governance information disclosure obligations,a rights-and-responsibilities coordination system,and risk-tiered governance rules,to achieve the effective rule of law regulation of the technologically derived control configurations.
出处
《东方法学》
北大核心
2025年第6期99-114,共16页
Oriental Law
基金
北京市社会科学基金项目“北京‘两区’建设背景下人工智能监管沙盒法治化研究”(项目批准号:25HQB001)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
去中心化自治组织
组织拟制
控制识别
智能合约
程序性治理
责任归属
Decentralized Autonomous Organization(DAO)
Organizational Fiction
Control Identification
Smart Contract
Procedural Governance
Liability Attribution
